Guinea Pig Inclusion Conjunctivitis Virus: I. Isolation and Identification as a Member of the Psittacosis-Lymphogranuloma-trachoma Group

Murray, Edward S.

doi:10.1093/infdis/114.1.1

Cited by 108 publications

(50 citation statements)

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“…The type strain for Chlamydophila felis is FP BakerT (= ATCC VR 120T). Chlamydophila caviae was first recovered from the conjunctiva of guinea pigs and the description of this species is identical to that of the isolate GPIC (Gordon et al, 1966;Murray, 1964;Prain & Pearce, 1989). There are five known Chlamydophila caviae isolates, and the ompA (ompl) sequences of these isolates are identical (Zhao et al, 1993).…”

Section: Description Of Chlamydia Suis Sp Novmentioning

confidence: 95%

Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms

Everett

Bush

Andersen

1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

970

839

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Section: Description Of Chlamydia Suis Sp Novmentioning

confidence: 95%

Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms

Everett

Bush

Andersen

1999

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

970

839

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Isolates of the GPIC agent were originally obtained from the late Edward Murray as a passage of his original isolate from guinea pig conjunctiva (6) and have been continuously maintained in this laboratory, initially in yolk sacs and for at least the last 10 years in McCoy cells and HeLa cells. For infection purposes in these experiments, McCoy cell-grown GPIC isolates were utilized.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Lymphocyte Response in the Female Genital Tract during Ascending Chlamydial Genital Infection in the Guinea Pig Model

2000

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It is well known that pathology caused by chlamydial infection is associated closely with the host response to the organism and that both innate and adaptive host responses contribute to tissue damage. While it is likely that the organism itself initiates the acute inflammatory response by eliciting cytokine and chemokine production from the host cell, the adaptive response is the result of activation of the cell-mediated immune response. While there are several studies describing the nature of the pathologic response in primate, guinea pig, and murine models, there is less information on the kinetics of the CD4 and CD8 response following primary and challenge infections. In this study, we have quantified by flow cytometry the mononuclear cell response to genital infection with the agent of guinea pig inclusion conjunctivitis in the cervix, endometrium, and oviducts at various times following a primary intravaginal infection and after a challenge infection. Tissues from individual animals were assessed for cells expressing CD4, CD8, or Mac-1 and for B cells. Peak responses of each subset occurred 10 to 14 days after a primary infection. The number of Mac-1-expressing cells in each tissue site was found to be dependent on the size of the inoculating dose of chlamydiae. The responses of each cell type were generally stronger in the cervix than in the upper genital tract. In contrast to the murine model but consistent with the primate models, there were equal numbers of CD4 and CD8 cells present in the infiltrates. Twenty-one days after challenge infection, which was performed 50 days after the primary infection, there was a significant increase in the number of CD4, CD8, and B cells in the oviduct compared to the number of these cells at the same time after a primary infection, providing clear cellular evidence for a cell-mediated immune pathologic response.

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“…GPIC is a natural guinea pig pathogen that causes conjunctivitis (90). Experimental GPIC infection of the guinea pig genital tract leads to an infection that closely resembles a genital tract infection with C. trachomatis both in male and female subjects (11,12).…”

Section: Guinea Pig Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animal Models for Studying Female Genital Tract Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

2013

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Chlamydia trachomatis is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterial pathogen. It is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease in the world, with more than 100 million new cases of genital tract infections with C. trachomatis occurring each year. Animal models are indispensable for the study of C. trachomatis infections and the development and evaluation of candidate vaccines. In this paper, the most commonly used animal models to study female genital tract infections with C. trachomatis will be reviewed, namely, the mouse, guinea pig, and nonhuman primate models. Additionally, we will focus on the more recently developed pig model. Chlamydia trachomatis, a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, is the leading cause of bacterial sexually transmitted disease. World Health Organization values for 2008 estimated an annual increase of over 100 million genital tract infections with C. trachomatis worldwide (1). The incidence of cases is increasing in many countries (1, 2). Genital tract infections with C. trachomatis can cause cervicitis in women and urethritis in men. However, these infections remain largely subclinical in approximately 70% of women and 50% of men and consequently are often not detected (3). Untreated infections may lead to pelvic inflammatory disease, tubal scarring, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, and chronic pelvic pain in women, epididymitis in men, and infant pneumonia in children (4-7). Uncomplicated chlamydial infections can be treated easily with antibiotics, but once infection and pathology are established, treatment may be less effective. Asymptomatic individuals can be identified through screening programs, but this approach is likely to be too costly for developing countries. A vaccination program would be much cheaper and have a greater impact in controlling C. trachomatis infections worldwide. Computer modeling suggests that even a partially efficacious chlamydial vaccination program would rapidly reduce the prevalence of genital infection (8). Animal models are indispensable for the study of C. trachomatis infections and the development and evaluation of candidate vaccines. Various animal models have been developed, including mouse (9, 10), guinea pig (11, 12), nonhuman primate (13,14), pig (15), rat (16), and rabbit (17) models. Here, the most commonly used animal models to study female genital tract infections with C. trachomatis will be reviewed, namely, the mouse, guinea pig, and nonhuman primate models. Additionally, we will focus on the more recently developed pig model. MOUSE MODELSMice are the most commonly used animals to study genital chlamydial infections. The advantages of the mouse model are their small size, ease of handling, availability in sufficient amounts, and low cost. Moreover, there are many well-characterized inbred and knockout mouse strains available (18). The female mouse genital tract is susceptible to infection with both Chlamydia muridarum (9) and C. trachomatis (10), which has resulted in the establishment of two murine mod...

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Guinea Pig Inclusion Conjunctivitis Virus: I. Isolation and Identification as a Member of the Psittacosis-Lymphogranuloma-trachoma Group

Cited by 108 publications

References 1 publication

Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms

Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of Parachlamydiaceae fam. nov. and Simkaniaceae fam. nov., each containing one monotypic genus, revised taxonomy of the family Chlamydiaceae, including a new genus and five new species, and standards for the identification of organisms

Characterization of Lymphocyte Response in the Female Genital Tract during Ascending Chlamydial Genital Infection in the Guinea Pig Model

Animal Models for Studying Female Genital Tract Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis

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