Gut Feeling in AKI

Background and Aims: Both alcoholic drinks and high sugar-containing soft drinks cause major health problems worldwide. Oral administration of OS and M1 soy-derived extracts has been shown to alleviate liver injury in animal models. The aim of the present study was to determine the liver- and sugar-protective effect of OS and M1 soy-derived extracts when added to alcohol and sugar-enriched drinks.Methods: Mice were treated with alcohol or high sugar-containing drinks, with and without administration of a combination of OS and M1 soy extracts. Mice were observed for the effects on liver injury, glucose metabolism, and the immune system.Results: Co-administration of the soy extracts OS and M1 significantly alleviated the liver injury induced by acute alcohol, as evidenced by decreased liver enzymes. These beneficial effects were associated with promotion of subsets of regulatory T lymphocytes and with a trend towards a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory cytokine shift. Co-administration of OS M1 soy extracts with sugar-sweetened beverages significantly alleviated the increases in serum sugar levels.Conclusions: OS and M1 extracts exert a synergistic hepato- and glucose-protective effect in models of alcohol-induced liver damage and soft drinks-associated increases in serum glucose. These extracts may provide a solution to the two pressing health problems.

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“…A decrease in apoptosis and hepatic necrosis in soy-treated group D compared to group B was noted. 47 …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Co-administration of Soy-derived Extracts with Alcohol or with Sugar-sweetened Beverages Exerts Liver and Sugar Protective Effects

Khoury

Rotnemer-Golinkin

Shabat

et al. 2017

Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology

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“…For instance, it was shown that bacteria play a "nephroprotective" role (Prevotella copri [43], Faecalibacterium prausnitzii [44,45], and Coprococcus eutactus [46]), being reversely associated with the severity of AKI, and are known to produce short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly represented by acetate, propionate, and butyrate [47]. Most of these molecules (especially butyrate) are used by the intestine epithelium as an energy source, however, a fraction of these goes into the bloodstream, and then transfer to the organs, inhibiting the histone deacetylase activity [48]. SCFAs regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, hormone secretion, and inflammatory response [24].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome-Metabolome Signature of Acute Kidney Injury

et al. 2020

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Intestinal microbiota play a considerable role in the host’s organism, broadly affecting its organs and tissues. The kidney can also be the target of the microbiome and its metabolites (especially short-chain fatty acids), which can influence renal tissue, both by direct action and through modulation of the immune response. This impact is crucial, especially during kidney injury, because the modulation of inflammation or reparative processes could affect the severity of the resulting damage or recovery of kidney function. In this study, we compared the composition of rat gut microbiota with its outcome, in experimental acute ischemic kidney injury and named the bacterial taxa that play putatively negative or positive roles in the progression of ischemic kidney injury. We investigated the link between serum creatinine, urea, and a number of metabolites (acylcarnitines and amino acids), and the relative abundance of various bacterial taxa in rat feces. Our analysis revealed an increase in levels of 32 acylcarnitines in serum, after renal ischemia/reperfusion and correlation with creatinine and urea, while levels of three amino acids (tyrosine, tryptophan, and proline) had decreased. We detected associations between bacterial abundance and metabolite levels, using a compositionality-aware approach—Rothia and Staphylococcus levels were positively associated with creatinine and urea levels, respectively. Our findings indicate that the gut microbial community contains specific members whose presence might ameliorate or, on the contrary, aggravate ischemic kidney injury. These bacterial taxa could present perspective targets for therapeutical interventions in kidney pathologies, including acute kidney injury.

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“…More recently, researchers have expanded the role of SCFA to explain the gut-kidney connection in ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) showing that treatment with SCFA reduces kidney injury of this type in a germ-free mouse model system. 124, 125 The key mechanism protecting against acute kidney injury was suggested to be reduction in inflammation mediated by an epigenetic mechanism. If SCFA are important in AKI, it might be of interest to also define their role in progression of CKD.…”

Section: Recent Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of the Gut Microbiome in Uremia: A Potential Therapeutic Target

Ramezani

Massy

Meijers

et al. 2016

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

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312

265

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Also known as the “second human genome,” the gut microbiome plays important roles in both the maintenance of health and the pathogenesis of disease. The symbiotic relationship between host and microbiome is disturbed due to proliferation of dysbiotic bacteria in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Fermentation of protein and amino acids by gut bacteria generate excess amounts of potentially toxic compounds such as ammonia, amines, thiols, phenols, and indoles, but generation of short chain fatty acids is reduced. Impaired intestinal barrier function in CKD permits translocation of gut-derived uremic toxins into the systemic circulation, contributing to progression of CKD, cardiovascular disease, insulin resistance, and protein energy wasting. The field of microbiome research is still nascent, but evolving rapidly. Establishing symbiosis to treat uremic syndrome is a novel concept, but if proven effective will have significant impact on the management of patients with CKD.

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Gut Feeling in AKI

Cited by 19 publications

References 14 publications

Oral Co-administration of Soy-derived Extracts with Alcohol or with Sugar-sweetened Beverages Exerts Liver and Sugar Protective Effects

Oral Co-administration of Soy-derived Extracts with Alcohol or with Sugar-sweetened Beverages Exerts Liver and Sugar Protective Effects

Microbiome-Metabolome Signature of Acute Kidney Injury

Role of the Gut Microbiome in Uremia: A Potential Therapeutic Target

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