Gut microbiome modulation mediated by probiotics: Positive impact on growth and health status of Labeo rohita

Abstract

The current study was targeted to determine the effect of probiotics on the growth, physiology, and gut microbiology of Labeo rohita fingerlings. One hundred and twenty fishes were divided into four dietary groups, each in triplicate for a feeding trial of 90 days. These treatments included T0 (control, basal diet) used as the reference, and three probiotic-supplemented diets represented as Tbc (Bacillus cereus), Tgc (Geotrichum candidum), and Tmc (B. cereus and G. candidum). The probiotics were supplemented at a level of 1 × 109 CFU/g feed. Fishes nurtured on probiotic-added diet showed significantly high physiological improvement (p < 0.05) in terms of growth, feed utilization capacity, hematological profile, and digestive enzymes as compared to control. The fish were subjected to a challenge test after a 90-day feeding trial. The Tmc exhibited maximum fish growth when challenged by Staphylococcus aureus and showed fish survival when compared to control, in which fish mortality was examined. Fish gut microbial composition was modulated by probiotic treatments, especially in Tgc and Tmc as compared to control. The absence of opportunistic pathogens such as Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Sporobolomyces lactosus and detection of lower levels of Trichosporon and Cryptococcus in treated groups indicate the gut modulation driven by applied probiotics. The G. candidum QAUGC01 was retrieved in yeast metagenomics data, which might be due to the production of polyamines by them that facilitated adherence and consequent persistence. In conclusion, it can be suggested that the probiotic-supplemented diet could enhance fish growth and feed efficiency through community modulation and digestive enzymes, which could be a milestone in local aquaculture.

Fungi and Actinobacteria: Alternative Probiotics for Sustainable Aquaculture

“…Cryptococcus is a genus within the family Cryptococcaceae. It is reported in the GI tracts of several fish species [7,47], but to our knowledge, no information is available regarding its use as a probiotic supplement in aquaculture.…”

“…Geotrichum candidum is a filamentous fungus used in the dairy industry for cheese ripening and flavoring. Still, four recent studies have used G. candidum as probiotic supplements for rohu [45][46][47] and gibel carp [48]. Sanahuja et al [45] showed that G. candidum supplemented with the rearing water of rohu larvae increased growth performance; digestive enzyme, protease, amylase and cellulase activities; and crude protein in muscle and improved the survival of larvae in response to challenge by Staphylococcus aureus.…”

“…This study showed that G. candidum could be a potential probiotic, as productive results can be achieved using the lower doses, in particular 10 6 -10 8 CFU kg −1 . Ghori et al [47] investigated the effects of G. candidum supplementation on rohu fingerlings and revealed improvements in the growth performance, hematological profile and amylase and cellulase activities and modulated the gut microbiota through the absence of Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Sporobolomyces lactosus, along with the relative abundances of Trichosporon and Cryptococcus.…”

Lactobacillus plantarum in the Gut of a Marine Fish from a Caloocan Local Market

“…In 2011, Roeselers et al [10] similarly said that probiotic bacteria in the gut microbiota of zebrafish (Danio rerio) did benefit its survival. Ghori et al [11] found out that the growth, feed utilization, and hematological profile of Labeo rohita significantly improved by probiotic-enriched diet.…”

Microbiome analysis reveals potential for modulation of gut microbiota through polysaccharide-based prebiotic feeding in Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus, 1758)

“…Nutritional technologies such as feed additives, probiotics, and prebiotics have been used to modulate gut flora ( Hoseinifar et al, 2019 ; Peng et al, 2020 ). Probiotic supplemented diet was successfully used to achieve optimum growth performance through modulation of gut microbial community and improved digestive enzyme activity in Labeo rohita ( Ghori et al, 2022 ). Use of better quality prebiotics alone or in combination with suitable probiotics have marked impact on microbiota in gut ecosystem that influence gut function and health of Atlantic salmon ( Dhanasiri et al, 2023 ).…”