Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus : What is The Link ?

Abstract

Abstract:The rapid increase of cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the past decades has made it a widespread metabolic disorder. In addition to well-established risk factors for T2DM, including genetic predisposition, poor physical activity, fetal programming and obesity, an altered configuration of the microbial community in our gut -the microbiota -has emerged as a new candidate that may be linked to T2DM. The aim of this review is to focus the light on the role of gut microbiota as a novel key organ involved in metabolism, and discussing the putative mechanisms linking gut microbiota and T2DM, as well as the therapeutic perspective of intestinal microbiota modulation for T2DM.

Hypoglycemic Effect of Ginsenoside Rg5 Mediated Partly by Modulating Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Diabetic db/db Mice

“…In recent years, elucidating the relationship between gut microbiota and chronic low-grade inflammation in metabolic diseases has attracted increased attention . Gut microbiota dysbiosis promotes inflammation cascade signaling that is initiated by the LPS/TLR4-dependent mechanism. , Specific downstream molecular pathways, including NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), play a crucial role in the development of tissue inflammation and insulin resistance . In previous studies, it was shown that JNK pathway activation further impaired the insulin signaling pathway by increasing insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) serine phosphorylation in liver .…”