Gut microbiota dysbiosis associated with glucose metabolism disorders and the metabolic syndrome in older adults

Abstract

Obesity and associated metabolic disorders have become highly prevalent diseases worldwide, and the human gut microbiota, due to its influence on host energy metabolism, has been attributed an important role therein. This pilot study explores host-microbiota relationships in men and women affected by various types of glucose metabolism disorder. Among 20 individuals aged 58 to 71 years with either normal glucose tolerance, prediabetes, or type 2 diabetes mellitus the gut bacterial communities were compared based on barcoded 454 sequencing of 16S rRNA genes amplified from stool samples. We found that specific microbiota groups were relatively enriched or reduced in different metabolic states. Further, positive or negative associations with clinical manifestations of metabolic disease suggest that these organisms indicate and possibly contribute to metabolic impairment or health. For instance, a higher prevalence of Erysipelotrichaceae and Lachnospiraceae was found associated with metabolic disorders, and the Holdemania and Blautia genera correlated with clinical indicators of an impaired lipid and glucose metabolism. The Bacteroidetes and groups therein, by contrast, displayed inverse relationships with metabolic disease parameters and were found relatively enriched in participants not diagnosed with metabolic syndrome or obesity. Further, the prevalence of specific Clostridia and Rikenellaceae members also pointed towards a healthier metabolic state. Links with diet as an intermediate factor included positive and negative associations of Lachnospiraceae with relative consumption rates of fat and carbohydrates, respectively, and positive associations of Turicibacteraceae with the consumption of protein. Identifying critical roles of major gut microbiota components in metabolic disorders has important translational implications regarding the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases by means of preventing or reversing dysbiosis and by controlling exacerbating diet and life style factors particularly in sensitive population groups.

Gut Microbiota Changes in Patients with Bipolar Depression

“…In patients with anorexia nervosa, Clostridium abundance was shown to be negatively correlated with psychopathological scores. [31] Holdemania genus is associated with glucose metabolism and metabolic syndrome, [32] which is highly prevalent in BD patients. [29] Furthermore, Clostridium IV abundance was increased after weight loss.…”

FecalEnterobacterialesenrichment is associated with increased in vivo intestinal permeability in humans

“…; Lippert et al. ). The gram‐negative bacterial cell membrane component, LPS, is a potent ligand of the TLR‐4 receptor.…”

“…Increased fat content of the diet is associated with dysbiosis and increased circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), called metabolic endotoxemia and this has been associated with changes in the gut barrier function in mice (Cani et al 2008(Cani et al , 2009Kim et al 2012). Increased circulating LPS and bacteria have been reported (Creely et al 2007;Amar et al 2011;Sato et al 2014), in addition to well established dysbiosis in T2D patients (Larsen et al 2010;Wu et al 2010;Qin et al 2012;Zhang et al 2013;Remely et al 2014Remely et al , 2016Lambeth et al 2015;Lippert et al 2017). The gram-negative bacterial cell membrane component, LPS, is a potent ligand of the TLR-4 receptor.…”

Food withdrawal alters the gut microbiota and metabolome in mice

“…Food withdrawal significantly increased the abundance of Holdemania species in both normal and HFD mice. Holdemania species was found to be associated with being lean in Japanese men (32) but also correlated with clinical indicators of impaired lipid and glucose metabolism (33).…”