Gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases with and without type-2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background and aims The association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is not very well described but gut microbiota composition is mentioned as a risk factor. The present study aimed to characterize the differences of dominant gut microbiota phyla among people with NAFLD as compared to T2DM and control groups. Patients and methods The major bacterial phylum of gut microbiota including Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and total bacteria of 15 NAFLD patients with T2DM, 15 NAFLD patients without T2DM, 15 patients with T2DM, and 20 healthy control subjects were assessed by a quantitative PCR (qPCR). Results NAFLD patients with T2DM had significantly higher BMI, triglyceride level, and total cholesterol level were compared with controls (Pv < 0.05). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla were significantly low in NAFLD patients with T2DM (Firmicutes, 2.55 ± 2.25, Pv 0/0002 and Bacteroidetes, 1.55 ± 2.29, Pv 0/0007), while the content of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria was high in NAFLD patients with T2DM group and there were no significant differences between phyla with NAFLD patients with T2DM group (Pv > 0.05). Furthermore, Firmicutes copy number was lower in the separate groups of NAFLD and T2DM as compared to the healthy controls (Pv < 0.05). Conclusions This study performed gut microbiota for the first time among NAFLD and TDM patients separately and together. This investigation indicated that NAFLD patients with T2DM have a different gut composition in comparison to NAFLD, T2DM alone, which could be associated with disease development.

The role of microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

“…By contrast, the content of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria was high in NAFLD T2DM patients without differences between phyla with NAFLD patients with T2DM group, and Firmicutes copy number was lower in the separate groups of NAFLD and T2DM, as compared to the healthy controls. This study shows that NAFLD T2DM patients display a different gut composition in comparison to NAFLD, T2DM alone and differences can explain distinct NAFLD aspects 123 …”

Antidiabetic Function of Lactobacillus fermentum MF423-Fermented Rice Bran and Its Effect on Gut Microbiota Structure in Type 2 Diabetic Mice

“…Several studies found that the abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota was decreased in T2DM mice ( Anhe et al, 2015 ; Chen et al, 2019 ), indicating that these two major phyla may play an essential role in hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and inflammation level ( Cani et al, 2008 , 2009 ). Similarly, compared to the healthy controls, the reduction of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota was observed in T2DM patients ( Ebrahimzadeh et al, 2021 ). In our study, the reduced abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidota was observed in T2DM mice, which was consistent with previous studies.…”

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease or Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus—The Chicken or the Egg Dilemma

“…In the Leylabadlo et al study, it was found that the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla strains were significantly lower in NAFLD patients with T2DM, whereas the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria contents were higher in NAFLD patients with T2DM, and there were no significant differences between patients from the NAFLD group and the T2DM group. In addition, the counts of Firmicutes copies were lower in the separate NAFLD and T2DM groups compared with healthy controls [ 144 ].…”