Halitosis - an assessment protocol proposal

Rio, Ana Cristina Coelho Dal; Nicola, Ester Maria Danielli; Teixeira, Antônio Roberto Franchi

doi:10.1016/s1808-8694(15)31180-0

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Alcohol ingestion may result in transient halitosis because some substances can cause xerostomia and alcoholic beverages are known to produce volatile compounds, acetaldehyde, and other odorous by-products by oxidation of alcohol in the mouth and liver [ 49 ]. However, similar to previous studies [ 22 , 40 ], participants who consumed alcohol showed no association with self-reported halitosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Halitosis in relation to Oral Hygiene Practices, Oral Health Status, General Health Problems, and Multifactorial Characteristics among Workers in Ilala and Temeke Municipals, Tanzania

Kayombo

Mumghamba

2017

International Journal of Dentistry

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Aim. To assess self-reported halitosis, oral hygiene practices, oral health conditions, general health problems, sociodemographic factors, and behavioural and psychological characteristics among workers in Ilala and Temeke municipals. Materials and Methods. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Four hundred workers were recruited using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Results. Self-reported tooth brushing practice was 100%, tongue cleaning 58.5%, dental flossing 4.3%, gum bleeding on tooth brushing 79.3%, presence of hard deposits on teeth 32%, mobile teeth 15.3%, and self-reported halitosis (SRH) 48.5%. Tea users were 95%, coffee users 75.8%, smokers 21%, and alcohol consumers 47%. The SRH was significantly associated with bleeding gums, hard deposits, and mobile and malaligned teeth. Tongue cleaning and regular change of toothbrush were associated with low prevalence of SRH (P < 0.001). Higher occurrence of SRH was significantly related to low education and smoking. Conclusion. Self-reported halitosis was prevalent among workers and was significantly associated with bleeding gums, hard dental deposits, mobile teeth, and smoking. All participants brushed their teeth and cleaned the tongue regularly but use of dental floss was extremely low. Oral health education and health promotion are recommended.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-Reported Halitosis in relation to Oral Hygiene Practices, Oral Health Status, General Health Problems, and Multifactorial Characteristics among Workers in Ilala and Temeke Municipals, Tanzania

Kayombo

Mumghamba

2017

International Journal of Dentistry

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“…Some studies suggest that tonsilloliths are clinically related to halitosis and prior history of repeated tonsillitis in childhood and/or tonsillar abscesses. Patients with tonsilloliths have a tenfold increase in the incidence of halitosis [ 20 , 22 – 24 ]. No treatment is required for most tonsillar calcifications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidental Findings on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Studies outside of the Maxillofacial Skeleton

Barghan

Tahmasbi-Arashlow

Nair

2016

International Journal of Dentistry

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Objective. To define the presence and prevalence of incidental findings in and around the base of skull from large field-of-view CBCT of the maxillofacial region and to determine their clinical importance. Methods. Four hundred consecutive large fields of view CBCT scans viewed from January 1, 2007, to January 1, 2014, were retrospectively evaluated for incidental findings of the cervical vertebrae and surrounding structures. Findings were categorized into cervical vertebrae, intracranial, soft tissue, airway, carotid artery, lymph node, and skull base findings. Results. A total of 653 incidental findings were identified in 309 of the 400 CBCT scans. The most prevalent incidental findings were soft tissue calcifications (29.71%), followed by intracranial calcifications (27.11%), cervical vertebrae (20.06%), airway (11.49%), external carotid artery calcification (10.41%), lymph node calcification (0.77%), subcutaneous tissue calcification and calcified tendonitis of the longus colli muscle (0.3%), and skull base finding (0.15%). A significant portion of the incidental findings (31.24%) required referral, 17.76% required monitoring, and 51% did not require either. Conclusion. A comprehensive review of the CBCT images beyond the region of interest, especially incidental findings in the base of skull, cervical vertebrae, pharyngeal airway, and soft tissue, is necessary to avoid overlooking clinically significant lesions.

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“…One must keep in mind that the patient suffering of halitosis is a person looking for help, often anxious and suspicious of any treatment, due to bad experiences using traditional approaches. [ 42 ] An accurate diagnosis of halitosis must be achieved to manage it effectively. The available methods can be divided into a mechanical reduction of microorganisms, chemical reduction of microorganisms, usage of masking products, and chemical neutralization of VSC.…”

Section: How Is Halitosis Managed?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Halitosis: Current concepts on etiology, diagnosis and management

Kapoor¹,

Sharma²,

Juneja

et al. 2016

Eur J Dent

101

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Halitosis or oral malodor is an offensive odor originating from the oral cavity, leading to anxiety and psychosocial embarrassment. A patient with halitosis is most likely to contact primary care practitioner for the diagnosis and management. With proper diagnosis, identification of the etiology and timely referrals certain steps are taken to create a successful individualized therapeutic approach for each patient seeking assistance. It is significant to highlight the necessity of an interdisciplinary method for the treatment of halitosis to prevent misdiagnosis or unnecessary treatment. The literature on halitosis, especially with randomized clinical trials, is scarce and additional studies are required. This article succinctly focuses on the development of a systematic flow of events to come to the best management of the halitosis from the primary care practitioner's point of view.

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Halitosis - an assessment protocol proposal

Abstract: There are important costs involved in halitosis assessment and treatment, including medical appointments, specialist assessment, and complementary tests. Such costs would be minimized by adopting a protocol of evidence-based anamnesis and a flowchart for a rational clinical investigation.

Cited by 28 publications

References 15 publications

Self-Reported Halitosis in relation to Oral Hygiene Practices, Oral Health Status, General Health Problems, and Multifactorial Characteristics among Workers in Ilala and Temeke Municipals, Tanzania

Self-Reported Halitosis in relation to Oral Hygiene Practices, Oral Health Status, General Health Problems, and Multifactorial Characteristics among Workers in Ilala and Temeke Municipals, Tanzania

Incidental Findings on Cone Beam Computed Tomography Studies outside of the Maxillofacial Skeleton

Halitosis: Current concepts on etiology, diagnosis and management

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