Halitosis occurrence due to systemic disease and medication

Abstract

Background: Halitosis, a term originating from "halitisus" and the Greek suffix "osis," refers to malodorous breath. It is a common problem impacting individuals globally, with prevalence estimates ranging from 24% to 65%. Dental issues, dry mouth, infections, medications, and systemic diseases can contribute to halitosis. Notably, systemic conditions like kidney and liver diseases, diabetes, respiratory infections, and gastritis can produce distinct odors in the mouth. The management of halitosis focuses on identifying and addressing underlying causes, with intraoral interventions like oral hygiene measures and extraoral treatments such as medical management based on the etiology. Objectives: To review and clarify association between halitosis with systemic diseases and medication. Conclusion: This study reveals a notable correlation between halitosis and systemic diseases or medication. Halitosis, a common occurrence influenced by various factors, appears to have a strong association with systemic ailments and medication usage.