Hall Effects, Resistivity, and Thermopower in Fe andFe1−xNixfor

Stephen B. Soffer¹,

J. Dreßen²,

Emerson M. Pugh³

Determining the planar Nernst effect from magnetic-field-dependent thermopower and resistance in nickel and permalloy thin films

“…This confirms that any increase in α(T) magnitude towards bulk values stems from fewer defects and impurities in our current films rather than a thickness dependence, as expected. Electrons dominate conduction in Ni and Ni-Fe alloys 21 , resulting in the observed negative α for both Ni and Ni-Fe. Figure 4 shows R(H) and α(H) of a Ni film for external magnetic fields applied parallel (H ) and perpendicular (H ⊥ ) to I or ∇T .…”