Halobacillus alkaliphilus sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in Fuente de Piedra, southern Spain

Abstract

A Gram-positive, spore-forming, halophilic bacterial strain, FP5 T , was isolated from a salt lake in southern Spain and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain FP5T was strictly aerobic.Cells were coccoidal, occurring singly or in clusters. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type of strain FP5 T was A4b based on L-Orn-D-Asp. Strain FP5 T was characterized chemotaxonomically by having MK-7 as the major menaquinone and anteiso-C 15 : 0 , anteiso-C 17 : 0 , iso-C 15 : 0 and iso-C 16 : 0 as the main fatty acids. The isolate grew optimally at 37 6C and in presence of 10 % NaCl; no growth was observed in the absence of NaCl. The genus Halobacillus can be differentiated clearly from other related genera based on the cell-wall peptidoglycan type based on L-Orn-D-Asp (Spring et al., 1996;Shida et al., 1997;Yoon et al., 2001), with the exception of that for H. campisalis, which is based on meso-diaminopimelic acid (Yoon et al., 2007). The aim of the present study was to determine the exact taxonomic status of a halophilic bacterial strain, FP5 T , by using a polyphasic approach, including phenotypic properties, lipid analyses, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and levels of genotypic relatedness. Strain FP5T was isolated from samples collected during summer 2005 from Fuente de Piedra saline lake, Malaga province, southern Spain (37 u 69 N 4 u 449 W). It was isolated from a saltern crystallizer pond by the dilutionplating technique. Strain FP5T represented the predominant organism in the enrichment and was the only colonyforming organism at the highest dilutions. The enrichment medium (medium A) contained the following componentsThe GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain FP5T is AM295006.A scanning electron micrograph of cells of strain FP5 T and thin-layer chromatographs of total polar lipids of strain FP5T are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.

Halobacillus salsuginis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a subterranean brine

“…Cells bear ellipsoidal endospores that lie in subterminal swollen sporangia. Colonies are cream- yeomjeoni (Yoon et al, 2005); 5, H. halophilus (Claus et al, 1983;Spring et al, 1996;Romano et al, 2008); 6, H. seohaensis (Yoon et al, 2008). +, Positive; 2, negative; V, variable; ND, no data available.…”

“…At the time of writing, the genus comprises 16 recognized species, the three named above plus Halobacillus salinus (Yoon et al, 2003), H. karajensis (Amoozegar et al, 2003), H. locisalis (Yoon et al, 2004), H. aidingensis and H. dabanensis (Liu et al, 2005), H. yeomjeoni (Yoon et al, 2005), H. campisalis (Yoon et al, 2007), H. profundi and H. kuroshimensis (Hua et al, 2007), H. faecis , H. alkaliphilus (Romano et al, 2008), H. mangrovi (Soto-Ramírez et al, 2008) and H. seohaensis (Yoon et al, 2008). In a recent study of the microbial diversity in the ancient salt deposit of the Xiangli Salt Mine in Hunan Province, China, a moderately halophilic bacterium, designated JSM 078133 T , was isolated from a subterranean brine sample.…”

Nesterenkonia aurantiaca sp. nov., an alkaliphilic actinobacterium isolated from Antarctica

“…Soil samples (0.2 g) collected from Cape King (738 059 S 1668 409 E) in Antarctica with a conductivity value of 86.7 mS cm 21 and pH 6.5-7.0 were used to inoculate 10 ml growth medium A (Romano et al, 2008) containing (l 21 ) yeast extract, 10 g; trisodium citrate, 3 g; KCl, 2 g; MgSO 4 . 7H 2 O, 1 g; NaCl, 100 g; MnCl 2 .…”

“…7H 2 O, 0.1 g; Na 2 CO 3 , 3 g; K 2 HPO 4 , 7 g; KH 2 PO 4 2 g; (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 1 g, pH 9.0 (Romano et al, 2008). Substrates were added as filter-sterilized solutions to give a final concentration of 1 g l 21 except for carbohydrates, which were used at 10 g l…”

Bacillus persepolensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a hypersaline lake

“…The moderately halophilic species belonging to the genus Bacillus are Bacillus aurantiacus (Borsodi et al, 2008), Bacillus chagannorensis (Carrasco et al, 2007a), Bacillus coahuilensis (Cerritos et al, 2008), Bacillus isabeliae (Albuquerque et al, 2008), Bacillus oshimensis (Yumoto et al, 2005), Bacillus polygoni (Aino et al, 2008), Bacillus qingdaonensis (Wang et al, 2007), Bacillus salarius (Lim et al, 2006c) and Bacillus taeanensis (Lim et al, 2006a). Other genera related phylogenetically to the genus Bacillus that include moderately halophilic species are Alkalibacillus Usami et al, 2007), Aquisalibacillus (Márquez et al, 2008), Filobacillus (Schlesner et al, 2001), Gracilibacillus (Wainø et al, 1999;Carrasco et al, 2006;Jeon et al, 2008), Halalkalibacillus (Echigo et al, 2007), Halobacillus (Spring et al, 1996;Amoozegar et al, 2003;Yoon et al, 2003Yoon et al, , 2005Yoon et al, , 2007aYoon et al, , 2008Liu et al, 2005;An et al, 2007b;Hua et al, 2007;Romano et al, 2008;Soto-Ramírez et al, 2008), Halolactibacillus (Cao et al, 2008), Lentibacillus (Yoon et al, 2002;Namwong et al, 2005;Pakdeeto et al, 2007;Lee et al, 2008), Marinibacillus (Yoon et al, 2004a), Oceanobacillus (Lee et al, 2006), Piscibacillus , Pontibacillus , Salimicrobium (Ventosa et al, 1989;Yoon et al, 2007b), Salinibacillus …”