Halogen-free flame retardants for application in thermoplastics based on condensation polymers

Abstract

Future materials in the field of thermoplastics require a lower impact on the environment. Actual thermoplastic materials also require "greener" additives for thermal and fire resistance profile. In this work, some of the recent solutions for halogen-free flame retardants were discussed in the context of viable routes with economical and industrial relevance. The fire retardant mechanism was discussed in order to imagine new solutions for future additives. Some of the main (inorganic, organic or hybrid) flame retardants can be used as common platform for the next classes of thermoplastic composites (synthetic, natural, or bio-based). The new generation of flame retardants (based on the emerging solutions) will have to surpass two major barriers: the cost effectiveness and the need for high concentration (which usually affects other properties).

Bio-Based Polyamide 1010 with a Halogen-Free Flame Retardant Based on Melamine–Gallic Acid Complex

“…Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER) were successfully tested for the improvement of the combustion properties of fully bio-based PA1010 [ 14 ]. Because of the lack of information, it is important to focus on the already collected results for other aliphatic PAs [ 15 ]. According to previous reports, different types of flame retardants (FRs) have been proposed for conventional PAs, including aluminumdiethylphospinate (AlPi) [ 16 , 17 ], APP [ 18 ], and melamine polyphosphate [ 19 ].…”

Influence of halloysite nanotubes onto the fire properties of polymer based composites: A review

“…The extensive research on halloysite began in the 1940s. Halloysite is a mineral of kaolinite group exhibiting a chemical composition based on Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 .nH 2 O where n equals 2 or 0. When n = 2, the HNT has a layer of water in the interlayer spaces.…”

A thermally insulating vermiculite nanosheet–epoxy nanocomposite paint as a fire-resistant wood coating

“…The Underwriters Laboratory -94 (UL-94) test is a standard plastics flammability test based on the tendency of material to extinguish the flame and resist dripping 31,32 . It also provides time taken for the flame to spread 33 .…”