Halometabolites and Cellular Dehalogenase Systems: An Evolutionary Perspective

Valverde-R, Carlos; Orozco, Aurea; Becerra, Arturo; Jeziorski, T. Michael C.; Villalobos, Patricia; Solis-S, JC

doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(04)34004-0

Cited by 29 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 232 publications

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“…Although from mammals to fish D1 and D2 are coded by single genes and the majority of vertebrates also have a single gene for D3, most studied fish species have two genes coding for different isoforms of D3 (Valverde-R et al 2004, Klootwijk et al 2011. The three deiodinases are dimeric integral-membrane proteins of w60 kDa anchored to cellular membranes through a single transmembrane (TM) segment within their first 16-40 amino-terminal residues.…”

Section: Overview Of the Deiodinase Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…of the complementary enzymatic dyad of halogenation/ dehalogenation (for review Eales (1997) and Valverde-R et al (2004)). Indeed, current information supports the notion that the vertebrate thyroid gland, as well as the endostyle and subpharyngeal gland in invertebrate chordates, may have evolved from a common ancestor (for review Kluge et al (2005) and Paris et al (2008)).…”

Section: Phylogeny Of Deiodinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In vertebrates, iodine is critical for the synthesis of iodothyronines or thyroid hormones (THs), which, according to the ontogenetic stage of the organism, regulate early and postembryonic developmental processes and metabolic balance (Eales 1997, Valverde-R et al 2004, Yun et al 2005, Tata 2006). The major TH in circulation is thyroxine (T 4 ) whose synthesis is restricted to the thyroid gland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iodothyronine deiodinases: a functional and evolutionary perspective

Orozco¹,

Valverde-R²,

Olverá³

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

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From an evolutionary perspective, deiodinases may be considered pivotal players in the emergence and functional diversification of both thyroidal systems (TS) and their iodinated messengers. To better understand the evolutionary pathway and the concomitant functional diversification of vertebrate deiodinases, in the present review we summarized the highlights of the available information regarding this ubiquitous enzymatic component that represents the final, common physiological link of TS. The information reviewed here suggests that deiodination of tyrosine metabolites is an ancient feature of all chordates studied to date and consequently, that it precedes the integration of the TS that characterize vertebrates. Phylogenetic analysis presented here points to D1 as the oldest vertebrate deiodinase and to D2 as the most recent deiodinase gene, a hypothesis that agrees with the notion that D2 is the most specialized and finely regulated member of the family and plays a key role in vertebrate neurogenesis. Thus, deiodinases seem to be major participants in the evolution and functional expansion of the complex regulatory network of TS found in vertebrates.

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Section: Overview Of the Deiodinase Familymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Phylogeny Of Deiodinasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Iodothyronine deiodinases: a functional and evolutionary perspective

Orozco¹,

Valverde-R²,

Olverá³

et al. 2012

Journal of Endocrinology

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“…The dio2 gene typically consists of two exons, separated by a single intron. Exon 2 contains the TGA(Sec) codon located at the active site and the SECIS element (Valverde et al 2004). Except for bullfrog, D2 mRNA is rather long, ranging from 4 .…”

Section: Structure and Activity Of D2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodothyronine deiodinase structure and function: from ascidians to humans

Darras

Herck

2012

Journal of Endocrinology

129

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Iodothyronine deiodinases are important mediators of thyroid hormone (TH) action. They are present in tissues throughout the body where they catalyse 3,5,3 0 -triiodothyronine (T 3 ) production and degradation via, respectively, outer and inner ring deiodination. Three different types of iodothyronine deiodinases (D1, D2 and D3) have been identified in vertebrates from fish to mammals. They share several common characteristics, including a selenocysteine residue in their catalytic centre, but show also some type-specific differences. These specific characteristics seem very well conserved for D2 and D3, while D1 shows more evolutionary diversity related to its Km, 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil sensitivity and dependence on dithiothreitol as a cofactor in vitro. The three deiodinase types have an impact on systemic T 3 levels and they all contribute directly or indirectly to intracellular T 3 availability in different tissues. The relative contribution of each of them, however, varies amongst species, developmental stages and tissues. This is especially true for amphibians, where the impact of D1 may be minimal. D2 and D3 expression and activity respond to thyroid status in an opposite and conserved way, while the response of D1 is variable, especially in fish. Recently, a number of deiodinases have been cloned from lower chordates. Both urochordates and cephalochordates possess selenodeiodinases, although they cannot be classified in one of the three vertebrate types. In addition, the cephalochordate amphioxus also expresses a non-selenodeiodinase. Finally, deiodinase-like sequences have been identified in the genome of non-deuterostome organisms, suggesting that deiodination of externally derived THs may even be functionally relevant in a wide variety of invertebrates.

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“…D1 is expressed in the central nervous system, especially the pituitary, in rats but not in humans (105 -107) . Of the lower vertebrates, the fish brain was found to contain D1 (108) . D2 expression was described in the brain (including the pineal gland) and pituitary of rats (106) mainly as a glial enzyme most abundant in astrocytes and tanycytes (near the mediobasal hypothalamus) (109,110) .…”

Section: Thyroid Hormonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endocrine factors in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake in females: a review of the physiological roles and interactions of ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin

et al. 2011

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Controlling energy homeostasis involves modulating the desire to eat and regulating energy expenditure. The controlling machinery includes a complex interplay of hormones secreted at various peripheral endocrine endpoints, such as the gastrointestinal tract, the adipose tissue, thyroid gland and thyroid hormone-exporting organs, the ovary and the pancreas, and, last but not least, the brain itself. The peripheral hormones that are the focus of the present review (ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin) play integrated regulatory roles in and provide feedback information on the nutritional and energetic status of the body. As peripheral signals, these hormones modulate central pathways in the brain, including the hypothalamus, to influence food intake, energy expenditure and to maintain energy homeostasis. Since the growth of the literature on the role of various hormones in the regulation of energy homeostasis shows a remarkable and dynamic expansion, it is now becoming increasingly difficult to understand the individual and interactive roles of hormonal mechanisms in their true complexity. Therefore, our goal is to review, in the context of general physiology, the roles of the five bestknown peripheral trophic hormones (ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin, respectively) and discuss their interactions in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake.

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Halometabolites and Cellular Dehalogenase Systems: An Evolutionary Perspective

Cited by 29 publications

References 232 publications

Iodothyronine deiodinases: a functional and evolutionary perspective

Iodothyronine deiodinases: a functional and evolutionary perspective

Iodothyronine deiodinase structure and function: from ascidians to humans

Endocrine factors in the hypothalamic regulation of food intake in females: a review of the physiological roles and interactions of ghrelin, leptin, thyroid hormones, oestrogen and insulin

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