Hamaker theory for atom–tip interactions of non-reactive surface in non-contact AFM

Atomic resolution in noncontact AFM by probing cantilever frequency shifts

“…The interactions have also been modeled from van der Waals interactions (Giessibl, 1997;Sasaki & Tsukada, 1999;Xie, Sun, & Ning, 2005). The cantilever dynamics has been approached by the classical perturbation theory (Giessibl, 1997;Stich, Tobik, Perez, Terakura, & Ke, 2000), and by forced vibration equations (Nunes, Zanette, Caride, Prioli, & Rivas, 2003;Sasaki & Tsukada, 1999;Xie, 2005).…”