Hand pattern indicates prostate cancer risk

Rahman, Aneela; Lophatananon, Artitaya; Stewart‐Brown, Sarah; Harriss, D.R.; Anderson, John B.; Parker, Terry L.; Easton, Douglas F.; Kóte-Jarai, Zsofia; Pocock, Richard; Dearnaley, David P.; Guy, Michelle; O'Brien, Lynne T.; Wilkinson, Rosemary; Hall, Amanda L.; Sawyer, Elinor J.; Page, Elizabeth; Liu, Jo-Fen; Eeles, Rosalind; Muir, Kenneth

doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6605986

Cited by 77 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Previous studies have investigated correlations between digit ratios and prostate cancer in Korean patients -an expected genetically homogeneous and less susceptible population -and patients from the United Kingdom, a far less admixed sample [6,7] . It is difficult to establish race correlations on multiethnic populations such as Brazilian, and thus ethnic influences seem to play smaller roles than hormonal influences on prostate cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This lesion is thought to arise from premalignant conditions such as Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and about 83% of all prostate cancers develop in preexistent sites of BPH. Currently, there are only two studies that addressed correlations between 2D:4D and prostate cancer, and those have been performed in populations that have relatively few ethnic differences [6,7] . Prostate cancer developments could be influenced by in-utero testosterone overexposure, which would reflect in lower digit ratios for individuals that develop this disease.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Proposition of digit ratio as a predictive marker of the susceptibility to some types of cancer, especially those that show sex differences in their occurrence, progression, and/or prognosis has gained strength [4][5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Right hand digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with prostate cancer: Findings of an admixed population study

Hopp¹,

Jorge²

2012

JST

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Objective: Digit ratios are considered putative markers for prenatal hormone exposure, as well as the action of HOX and AR genes. Such genes have been connected to carcinogenesis and digit ratio could help to identify patients that bear such predisposition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible correlations between digit ratio, prostate cancer (PCA) -the most common cancer in men -and benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in a multiethnic sample of men between 50 and 80 years, the main risk group for this disease.Methods: Digital images of the right hands of patients diagnosed with PCA (n=40), BPH (n=40) and age-matched controls (n=40) were obtained. Fingers were measured using Adobe Photoshop 7.0® and the mean ratios between the 2nd and 4th digits were compared. Data were analyzed by Student's t test and regression models (α=0.05). Risk factors (dietary factors, tobacco consumption, age and familial history) were similar among the three study groups.Results: Males in the PCA group presented significantly lower digit ratio (P=0.04) in comparison with males without prostatic lesions. Conclusions:Males with the lower digit ratio seem to be more prone to undergo malignization of prostatic lesions. Similar risk factors for the three groups allows us to infer that digit ratio could add to the research of etiological factors and be a putative marker for the screening of patients', especially in a admixed population.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Right hand digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with prostate cancer: Findings of an admixed population study

Hopp¹,

Jorge²

2012

JST

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“…Thus, the digit ratio is determined mostly during embryo development [ 23 -26 ] and changes little after sexual maturation [ 24 ] . [ 27 ] . The means that the digit ratio may represent a simple marker for prostate cancer risk, suggesting a relationship between the digit ratio and AR activity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dutasteride, who is it more effective for? Second to fourth digit ratio and the relationship with prostate volume reduction by dutasteride treatment

Kim

et al. 2012

BJU International

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E 8 5 7What ' s known on the subject? and What does the study add? The second to fourth digit ratio (hereafter the digit ratio) of the right hand is related to the activity of the androgen receptor. Five α -reductase inhibitor (5ARI) reduces the prostate volume of patients with BPH. In terms of prostate volume reduction, large-scale placebo-controlled studies show that patients with BPH do not always respond well to 5ARI treatment.Patients with a higher digit ratio respond well to dutasteride treatment compared to those with a lower digit ratio. These results suggest that the digit ratio might be a predictor of the response to dutasteride treatment. OBJECTIVE• To investigate the relationship between second to fourth digit ratio (hereafter the digit ratio) and prostate volume reduction by dutasteride treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS• A total of 142 men aged ≥ 40 years with a clinical diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia and an enlarged prostate (prostate volume ≥ 30 mL) were prospectively enrolled.• Before prostate-specifi c antigen (PSA) level determination and transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), the lengths of the second and fourth digits of the right hand were measured by an investigator using a digital vernier calliper.• Using TRUS, pre-and post-treatment prostate volume (PV1 and PV2) were measured by an uroradiologist who was unaware of fi nger lengths. We investigated the change in prostate volume and PSA level at least 6 months after the initiation of dutasteride therapy. RESULTS• When the patients were divided into two groups according to digit ratio (A: digit ratio < 0.95, n = 71; B: digit ratio ≥ 0.95, n = 71), there was a greater reduction in prostate volume in group B compared to group A (PV2 -PV1: − 9.4 mL vs − 13.2 mL, P = 0.042; [ PV2 -PV1 ] /PV1: − 17.5% vs − 24.5%, P = 0.027; [ PV2 -PV1 ] /duration: − 1.1 mL/month vs − 1.6 mL/month, P = 0.041; [ PV2 -PV1 ] /PV1/duration: − 2.0%/ month vs − 3.0%/month, P = 0.016).• Signifi cant negative correlations were found between the digit ratio and reduction rate ( [ PV2 -PV1 ] /duration: r = − 0.165, P = 0.049; [ PV2 -PV1 ] /PV1/duration: r = − 0.191, P = 0.023). CONCLUSIONS• Patients with higher digit ratios respond well to dutasteride treatment.• The results obtained in the present study suggest that the digit ratio is a predictor of the response to dutasteride treatment. Dutasteride, who is it more effective for? Second to fourth digit ratio and the relationship with prostate volume reduction by dutasteride treatment KEYWORDS

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“…In humans, second-to-fourth digit length ratio (2D : 4D) is associated with many sexually dimorphic traits and various health conditions [3,4] including susceptibility to prostate cancer [5] and male reproductive health [6,7]. Males have a longer 4D and a significantly lower 2D : 4D on the right hand than females and this difference persists into adulthood (see [8] for review).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental levels of oestrogenic and antiandrogenic compounds feminize digit ratios in male rats and their unexposed male progeny

Auger¹,

Denmat

Berges

et al. 2013

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Digit length ratios, especially the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D : 4D), are associated with various pathological and behavioural conditions in many species including humans and are dependent upon prenatal androgen to oestrogen balance. It is unknown whether digit ratios are modified by environmental exposure to ubiquitous endocrine disruptors. We studied the effect on adult male Wistar rat digit ratios of a gestational exposure to the oestrogenic and antiandrogenic compounds bisphenol A (BPA), genistein and vinclozolin, in low doses, and in combination with investigating in parallel a possible sexual dimorphism of this trait. We also investigated the effects on the male progeny not exposed during gestation. X-rays were taken of the left and right forepaws, and 2D-5D proximal to distal phalanx distances were measured by a standardized procedure based on semi-automatic image analysis. We provide evidence that there is a sexual dimorphism of digit ratios in the Wistar rat, and we found that BPA alone or in combination with genistein and vinclozolin significantly feminized digit ratios in male rats. Intriguingly, significant feminization of digit ratios was also found in the unexposed male progeny of males that had been exposed to compound mixtures. In conclusion, prenatal environmental levels of endocrine-active substances permanently disrupt digit ratios. Digit ratio measurement in adults is thus a promising biomarker of prenatal exposure to low-dose endocrine disruptors in rodents, with potential implications for future studies in humans.

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Hand pattern indicates prostate cancer risk

Cited by 77 publications

References 16 publications

Right hand digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with prostate cancer: Findings of an admixed population study

Right hand digit ratio (2D:4D) is associated with prostate cancer: Findings of an admixed population study

Dutasteride, who is it more effective for? Second to fourth digit ratio and the relationship with prostate volume reduction by dutasteride treatment

Environmental levels of oestrogenic and antiandrogenic compounds feminize digit ratios in male rats and their unexposed male progeny

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