Hands on explosives: Safety testing of protective measures

Klapötke, Thomas M.; Krumm, Burkhard; Steemann, F. Xaver; Steinhäuser, Georg

doi:10.1016/j.ssci.2009.05.002

Cited by 30 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Adequate safety precautions have to be taken, especially when these compounds are prepared on a larger scale, or set under physical stress like pressure or heat. In particular, we recommend the utilization of leather or Kevlar gloves, face shields, grounded shoes, and ear protection [34].…”

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds of the Lanthanoids: Highlights and Summary

Steinhäuser

Giester

Leopold

et al. 2010

Helvetica Chimica Acta

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In this third part of our research on the 5,5'-azobis[1H-tetrazol-1-ides] (ZT) of the lanthanoids, we present two compounds with La 2 (ZT) 3 moieties with very different coordination modes between the cations and the anions. One La 2 (ZT) 3 -containing compound is interesting, because it contains trimeric La 3 (ZT) 3 III cations, which are arranged in a windmill-like structure. Moreover, the first double salt of a ZT compound, namely the carbonate compound La 2 (ZT) 2 (CO 3 ) · 12 H 2 O, is presented and discussed. Another highlight of nitrogen chemistry is the first molecular structure of a 5-azido-2H-tetrazole (CHN 7 ) molecule, in the form of the spectacular compound Dy 2 (ZT) 3 · 4 CHN 7 · 24 H 2 O. This is the first known complete molecular structure of an azidotetrazole molecule (the organic molecule with the highest nitrogen-content: 88.3% N). All compounds have been characterized completely including elemental analyses, vibrational (IR and Raman) spectroscopy, and X-ray crystal-structure determination. We summarize our nitrogen-rich compounds of the lanthanoids project and extensively discuss selected literature on this topic and compare previously published results with ours.

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confidence: 99%

Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds of the Lanthanoids: Highlights and Summary

Steinhäuser

Giester

Leopold

et al. 2010

Helvetica Chimica Acta

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“…Friction is usually converted into heat, which raises the interface temperature in turn. According to the hot spot theory3031, local temperature will heat up and reach a certain temperature. Then molten aluminum will spurt and initiate the thermite reactions as the alumina barrier rupture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanowire Membrane-based Nanothermite: towards Processable and Tunable Interfacial Diffusion for Solid State Reactions

Yang

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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Interfacial diffusion is of great importance in determining the performance of solid-state reactions. For nanometer sized particles, some solid-state reactions can be triggered accidently by mechanical stress owing to their large surface-to-volume ratio compared with the bulk ones. Therefore, a great challenge is the control of interfacial diffusion for solid state reactions, especially for energetic materials. Here we demonstrate, through the example of nanowire-based thermite membrane, that the thermite solid-state reaction can be easily tuned via the introduction of low-surface-energy coating layer. Moreover, this silicon-coated thermite membrane exhibit controlled wetting behavior ranging from superhydrophilic to superhydrophobic and, simultaneously, to significantly reduce the friction sensitivity of thermite membrane. This effect enables to increase interfacial resistance by increasing the amount of coating material. Indeed, our results described here make it possible to tune the solid-state reactions through the manipulation of interfacial diffusion between the reactants.

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“…A background correction and a K α2 strip were performed.

Warning: Tetrazoles and its derivatives are potential explosive and shock sensitive compounds; therefore handle with care. Proper protective measures should be taken [31, 32].

…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave alkylation of lithium tetrazolate

2016

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N1-substituted tetrazoles are interesting ligands in transition metal coordination chemistry, especially in the field of spin crossover. Their synthesis is performed in most cases according to the Franke-synthesis, using a primary amine as reagent introducing the substitution pattern. To enhance flexibility in means of substrate scope, we developed a new protocol based on alkylation of lithium tetrazolate with alkyl bromides. The N1–N2 isomerism of the tetrazole during the alkylation was successfully suppressed by use of highly pure lithium tetrazolate and 30 vol.% aqueous ethanol as solvent, leading to pure N1-substituted products. The feasibility of this reaction was demonstrated by a selection of different substrates.Graphical abstract

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Hands on explosives: Safety testing of protective measures

Cited by 30 publications

References 9 publications

Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds of the Lanthanoids: Highlights and Summary

Nitrogen‐Rich Compounds of the Lanthanoids: Highlights and Summary

Nanowire Membrane-based Nanothermite: towards Processable and Tunable Interfacial Diffusion for Solid State Reactions

Microwave alkylation of lithium tetrazolate

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