Handwashing, sanitation and family planning practices are the strongest underlying determinants of child stunting in rural indigenous communities of Jharkhand and Odisha, Eastern India: a cross‐sectional study

Saxton, Jennifer; Rath, Suchitra; Nair, Nirmala; Gope, Rajkumar; Mahapatra, Rajendra; Tripathy, Prasanta; Prost, Audrey

doi:10.1111/mcn.12323

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(62 reference statements)

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“…We did not observe a significant association between hand washing behavior and child's HAZ but the association was significant in the supplementary analysis that showed decreased odds of stunting associated with handwashing behavior (Supplementary Table 2). In line with our findings, other studies have also reported significant associations between hand-washing behavior and childhood stunting [23,47]. Despite this, intervention trials have failed to report significant effects of handwashing behavior on childhood stunting [36,40].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores among under-five children in Nepal

2020

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Background: Evidence of the influence of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors on childhood nutritional status is inconsistent. Few studies have examined their interactive effects. This study aimed to examine associations and interactions between WASH variables and preschool child undernutrition. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 2352 children assessed during the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed by multi-variable linear regression to understand the association between height-forage (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ) and weight-forage (WAZ) z-scores and WASH variables. Interactions between WASH variables, sex and area of residence on childhood nutritional status were also examined. Results: The mean z-score [standard deviation] for children's WAZ, HAZ and WHZ scores were − 1.33 [1.1], − 1.52 [1.3] and − 0.65 [1.1], respectively. A unit increase in cluster sanitation coverage was associated with an increase of 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12 to 0.48) for WAZ and 0.28 (95%CI: 0.001 to 0.56) for HAZ scores. Household water purification practice was associated with an increase of 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.41) in WHZ score. Handwashing practice with water and soap was associated with an increase of 0.15 (95%CI: 0.04 to 0.25) in WAZ and 0.13 (95%CI: 0.01 to 0.24) in WHZ scores. The effect of water purification practice was higher for rural areas compared to urban settings for HAZ scores (p-value for interaction = 0.02). Conclusions: Consistent with findings from other countries in the South Asian region, findings of this study highlight the potential importance of good WASH practices, and therefore the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute to improved nutritional status in rural Nepal.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores among under-five children in Nepal

2020

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“…We did not observe a significant association between hand washing behavior and child's HAZ but the association was significant in the supplementary analysis that showed decreased odds of stunting associated with hand-washing behavior. In line with our findings, other studies have also reported significant associations between hand-washing behavior and childhood stunting (23,47). Despite this, intervention trials have failed to report significant effects of handwashing behavior on childhood stunting (36,40).…”

Section: Supplementary Analysissupporting

confidence: 91%

Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores in Nepal.

Shrestha

Vicendese

Erbas

2020

Preprint

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Background: Evidence of the influence of water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) behaviors on childhood nutritional status is inconsistent. Few studies have examined their interactive effects. This study aimed to examine associations and interactions between WASH variables and preschool child undernutrition. Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 2352 children assessed during the 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Survey were analyzed by multi-variable linear regression to understand the association between height-for-age (HAZ), weight-for-height (WHZ) and weight-for-age (WAZ) z-scores and WASH variables. Interactions between WASH variables, sex and area of residence on childhood nutritional status were also examined. Results: The mean z-score [standard deviation] for children’s WAZ, HAZ and WHZ scores were -1.33 [1.1], -1.52 [1.3] and -0.65 [1.1], respectively. A unit increase in cluster sanitation coverage was associated with an increase of 0.30 (95%CI: 0.12 to 0.48) for WAZ and 0.28 (95%CI: 0.001 to 0.56) for HAZ scores. Household water purification practice was associated with an increase of 0.24 (95%CI: 0.07 to 0.41) in WHZ score. Handwashing practice with water and soap was associated with an increase of 0.15 (95%CI: 0.04 to 0.25) in WAZ and 0.13 (95%CI: 0.01 to 0.24) in WHZ scores. The effect of water purification practice was higher for rural areas compared to urban settings for HAZ scores (p-value for interaction=0.02). Conclusions: Consistent with findings from other countries in the South Asian region, findings of this study highlight the potential importance of good WASH practices, and therefore the potential of WASH interventions, to contribute to improved nutritional status in rural Nepal.

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“…In this study, improved water supply and sanitation did not show a signi cant reduction in child stunting, however, hand washing practice with soap was one of the signi cant factors associated with a reduction in child stunting. Inconsistent ndings on bene ts of improved water supply and sanitation and hygiene in child stunting reduction were reported (33,44,45). Some studies showed a strong association between the level of environmental WASH (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) and child linear growth (46,47).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood stunting and associated factors among irrigation and non- irrigation user kebeles in Mecha district, northwest, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study

Sema

Azage

Tirfie

2020

Preprint

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Background Stunting is a critical public health problem of developing countries like Ethiopia. Different interventions like irrigation activity have been carried out by the government of Ethiopia to improve the nutritional status of the community. However, there is scanty of data on childhood stunting and its associated factors between irrigation user and non-irrigation user. Objective To assess the magnitude of childhood stunting and its associated factors between irrigation and non-irrigation user in north Mecha District, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods A community-based comparative cross-sectional study design was employed from October to November 2019. A systematic sampling was used to draw mothers with children age 6–59 months (582 irrigated and 582 non- irrigated household users). Data were collected using questionnaire and anthropometric measurement tools. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the predictors of stunting. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% CI were used to determine the degree of association between independent and outcome variable. A-p-value < 0.05 was used as cutoff point to declare statistically significant variables with the outcome variable. Results The prevalence of childhood stunting among age 6–59 months children did not show significant variation between Irrigation user 32.8% at 95%CI (29–37) and non-irrigation user 40.2% at 95%CI (36–44). The odds of childhood stunting were higher among children from mother had no antenatal visit, children whose age was between 12 and 47 months, children from mothers who did not use water and soap always for washing hands, and children who had fever. Conclusion The prevalence of childhood stunting was high and did not show significant variation between irrigation and non-irrigation users. Children from mother had no antenatal visit, children whose age was between 12 and 47 months, children from mothers who did not use water and soap always for washing hands, and children who had fever were factors associated with higher child stunting. Thus, the identified modifiable factors are the area of intervention in reduce stunting.

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Handwashing, sanitation and family planning practices are the strongest underlying determinants of child stunting in rural indigenous communities of Jharkhand and Odisha, Eastern India: a cross‐sectional study

Cited by 47 publications

References 45 publications

Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores among under-five children in Nepal

Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores among under-five children in Nepal

Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores in Nepal.

Childhood stunting and associated factors among irrigation and non- irrigation user kebeles in Mecha district, northwest, Ethiopia: a comparative cross-sectional study

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