Handwriting Recognition and Automatic Scoring for Descriptive Answers in Japanese Language Tests

A survey on handwritten mathematical expression recognition: The rise of encoder-decoder and GNN models

“…Automatic scoring of handwritten answers is a natural extension of handwriting recognition research and it is composed of handwriting recognition, automatic scoring, and natural language understanding. The performance of automatic scoring of constructed response answers in Japanese language for the trial tests were reported [112,113], the study of this for mathematics answers just started. It has been long sought, since tablets were introduced for learning [114,115,116].…”