Hantavirus Infections

Avšič-Županc, Tatjana; Korva, Miša

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-416975-3.00003-0

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The genome of Hantaviruses contains three segments of single stranded, negative ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules with a terminal sequence at their 3ˋend (Avšič-Županc et al, 2019) as shown in Figure 1. These genome segments are named according to their nucleotide sequence length as small (S), medium (M), and large (L) as shown in Figure 1 (Singh et al, 2022).…”

Section: Hantavirus Genome Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hantavirus: an overview and advancements in therapeutic approaches for infection

Afzal,

Ali,

Batool

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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Hantaviruses are a significant and emerging global public health threat, impacting more than 200,000 individuals worldwide each year. The single-stranded RNA viruses belong to the Hantaviridae family and are responsible for causing two acute febrile diseases in humans: Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). Currently, there are no licensed treatments or vaccines available globally for HTNV infection. Various candidate drugs have shown efficacy in increasing survival rates during the early stages of HTNV infection. Some of these drugs include lactoferrin, ribavirin, ETAR, favipiravir and vandetanib. Immunotherapy utilizing neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) generated from Hantavirus convalescent patients show efficacy against HTNV. Monoclonal antibodies such as MIB22 and JL16 have demonstrated effectiveness in protecting against HTNV infection. The development of vaccines and antivirals, used independently and/or in combination, is critical for elucidating hantaviral infections and the impact on public health. RNA interference (RNAi) arised as an emerging antiviral therapy, is a highly specific degrades RNA, with post-transcriptional mechanism using eukaryotic cells platform. That has demonstrated efficacy against a wide range of viruses, both in vitro and in vivo. Recent antiviral methods involve using small interfering RNA (siRNA) and other, immune-based therapies to target specific gene segments (S, M, or L) of the Hantavirus. This therapeutic approach enhances viral RNA clearance through the RNA interference process in Vero E6 cells or human lung microvascular endothelial cells. However, the use of siRNAs faces challenges due to their low biological stability and limited in vivo targeting ability. Despite their successful inhibition of Hantavirus replication in host cells, their antiviral efficacy may be hindered. In the current review, we focus on advances in therapeutic strategies, as antiviral medications, immune-based therapies and vaccine candidates aimed at enhancing the body’s ability to control the progression of Hantavirus infections, with the potential to reduce the risk of severe disease.

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Section: Hantavirus Genome Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hantavirus: an overview and advancements in therapeutic approaches for infection

Afzal,

Ali,

Batool

et al. 2023

Front. Microbiol.

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“…Hantavirus is transmitted to humans through aerosolized particles containing the virus from saliva and droppings shed by rodents or through bite (3,4,21). Individuals from rural areas or areas that are natural reservoirs for rodents (farmers and hunters) are more prone to infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…HFRS often presents as a flu-like syndrome, with fever and myalgia, which further evolves similarly to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA), causing anemia, severe thrombocytopenia, coagulation disorders and acute kidney injury (AKI) (3,4). Patients with renal impairment often have hematuria and proteinuria up to the nephrotic range, which may be mistaken for nephritic syndrome (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hantavirus infections in the South‑Eastern European countries: A study of two cases and literature review

et al. 2023

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Hantavirus infection is a rare zoonosis in South-Eastern Europe. Depending on the serotype involved, the virus can cause hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome which is also known as endemic nephropathy, and cardiopulmonary syndrome. Prompt diagnosis of the disease is essential for reducing the risk of severe manifestations and complications like chronic kidney disease, secondary hypertension or even death because there is no specific treatment or vaccine approved. The present study reported two cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome diagnosed in the Department of Nephrology of The Fundeni Clinical Institute (Romania). In both patients, kidney needle biopsy played a major role in establishing the diagnosis. The difficulties encountered in diagnosing this disease were also emphasized, taking into consideration the rarity of this infection in South-Eastern Europe. The key literature data on the epidemiology, pathogenesis and management of this infection were further reviewed.

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“…In the Almaty region some rodent studies were conducted, in which in some areas rodents were found to be positive for orthohantaviruses, but no clinical case of HFRS has officially been registered in this region so far (Plyusnina et al, ; Sutyagin et al, ). Notable is that at some parts of the border between the Almaty region and China the orthohantavirus seroprevalence has been reported to range between 1% and 12% (Avšič Županc & Korva, ; Bi et al, ). So far in the Kyzylorda region, orthohantaviruses have not been studied in human cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological investigation of orthohantaviruses in patients with fever of unknown origin in Kazakhstan

Tukhanova¹,

Shin²,

Abdiyeva³

et al. 2020

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Objective: Orthohantaviruses are geographically widely distributed and present various clinical manifestations from mild symptoms to the severe form of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Eurasia. Official registration of HFRS in Kazakhstan started in the year 2000. However, the true prevalence of human infections by orthohantaviruses within Kazakhstan is unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate of the seroprevalence of orthohantavirus infections in patients with fever of unknown origin (FUO) in two regions, Almaty and Kyzylorda region. Methods: Paired serum samples from 802 patients with FUO were screened for the presence of orthohantavirus IgG and IgM antibodies by ELISA. Positive samples were further tested by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence tests (IIFT) to determine the respective orthohantavirus serotypes. Suspected acute serum samples were additionally checked by a RT-PCR to identify viral RNA. Results: In total 178/802 (22.2%) serum samples reacted with orthohantavirus IgG antibodies and 4/802 (0.5%) with IgM antibodies. All positive samples were tested by immunoblotting which resulted in 2.9% positive samples with IgG antibodies against Puumala (PUUV), Hantaan (HTNV) and Dobrava (DOBV) virus serotypes in Almaty region and 5.4% to PUUV and DOBV serotypes in Kyzylorda region, respectively.In the IFFT, 1.9% positive samples from Almaty and 3.1% from Kyzylorda were confirmed for PUUV and DOBV serotypes. Out of four IgM ELISA positive samples only three were positive against PUUV in the immunoblot and showed weak positive reactivity for the Saaremaa (SAAV), PUUV and HTNV serotypes in the IFFT. Conclusions:This study demonstrates the presence of orthohantavirus infections among patients with FUO in Kazakh regions that were so far considered as nonendemic. The healthcare system needs to be prepared accordingly in order to be capable of detecting cases and providing adequate management of patients.This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.

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Hantavirus Infections

Cited by 7 publications

References 37 publications

Hantavirus: an overview and advancements in therapeutic approaches for infection

Hantavirus: an overview and advancements in therapeutic approaches for infection

Hantavirus infections in the South‑Eastern European countries: A study of two cases and literature review

Serological investigation of orthohantaviruses in patients with fever of unknown origin in Kazakhstan

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