Haploids and Doubled Haploids in Fruit Trees

Germana, Maria

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8854-4_21

Cited by 50 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 91 publications

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“…Aslında, büyüme koşulları ve donör bitkinin fizyolojik durumu açık alanda kültürü yapılan ve iklimsel koşullardan (sıcaklık, fotoperyod ve ışık yoğunluğu), kültürel koşullardan (budama, sulama, gübreleme, vb) ve özellikle çiçek indüksiyon ve farklılaşması sırasında toprak yapısından etkilenen çok yıllık bitkilerin anter kültürü çalışmaları standartize edilememektedir. Bu durum aynı protokoller uygulandığında bile odunsu bitkilerin sezona bağlı olarak anter kültürlerinde neden farklı cevap verdiğini açıklamaktadır (Germanà, 2009).…”

Section: Bulgular Ve Tartışmaunclassified

W. Murcott mandarin çeşidinde anter kültürü çalışmaları

Kaçar

Şimşek

Dönmez

et al. 2014

Derim

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ÖzetHaploid bitkilerin elde edilmesi, bitki ıslahında, ıslah sürecini kısaltan önemli yöntemlerden bir tanesidir. Haploid bitkilerin elde edilmesinde kullanılan yöntemlerden biri olan anter kültürü çalışmaları birçok bitki türünde yürütülmektedir. Bu çalışmada anterlerden haploid bitki elde etmek amacıyla W. Murcott mandarin çeşidinde, çiçeklenme dönemlerinde farklı boyutlardaki çiçekler toplanmış ve asetokarmin yöntemine göre anterler içerisindeki tek çekirdekli mikrospor aşaması belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda tek çekirdekli mikrospor aşamasının olduğu dönem çiçeklerin 4-5 mm çapında oldukları dönem olarak belirlenmiş ve bu boyuttaki çiçekler temin edilerek anter kültürü denemesi kurulmuştur. Çalışmada çiçeklere 25˚C ve 4˚C'de iki gün bekletilmesi şeklinde ön uygulama gerçekleştirilmiş ve ardından çiçeklerde yüzey sterilizasyonu uygulanarak anterler N6 besin ortamı içerisinde kültüre alınmışlardır. Anter kültürü denemelerinde 0 mg l -1 TDZ (Thidiazuron), 0.1 mg l -1 TDZ ve 0.5 mg l -1 TDZ olmak üzere TDZ'nin üç farklı konsantrasyonu denenmiş ve anterlerin yarısı karanlıkta, diğer yarısı ise 16 saat aydınlık, 8 saat karanlık iklim odası koşullarında kültüre alınmıştır. W. Murcott çeşidinde tek çekirdekli mikrospor aşamasında olan anterlerin kültüre alınması sonucunda yapılan incelemelerde anter eksplantlarında meydana gelen değişimler gözlemlenerek makalede tartışılmıştır.

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Section: Bulgular Ve Tartışmaunclassified

W. Murcott mandarin çeşidinde anter kültürü çalışmaları

Kaçar

Şimşek

Dönmez

et al. 2014

Derim

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“…In fact, they have a potential use in mutation research, selection, genetic analysis, transformation and in the production of homozygous genotypes 11,12 . Particularly in woody plants, generally characterized by a long reproductive cycle, a high degree of heterozygosity, large size and, sometimes, self-incompatibility, it is not possible to obtain homozygous breeding lines through conventional methods involving several generations of selfing and homozygous DHs produced through gametic embryogenesis, provide new opportunities for genetic studies and plant breeding [9][10][11] . Considerable research has been carried out since the 1970s to obtain haploids for ISSN Print: 0972-060X ISSN Online: 0976-5026 fruit tree breeding through gametic embryogenesis, but they were not always successful 9,10,19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Particularly in woody plants, generally characterized by a long reproductive cycle, a high degree of heterozygosity, large size and, sometimes, self-incompatibility, it is not possible to obtain homozygous breeding lines through conventional methods involving several generations of selfing and homozygous DHs produced through gametic embryogenesis, provide new opportunities for genetic studies and plant breeding [9][10][11] . Considerable research has been carried out since the 1970s to obtain haploids for ISSN Print: 0972-060X ISSN Online: 0976-5026 fruit tree breeding through gametic embryogenesis, but they were not always successful 9,10,19 . Many haploids and DHs are under observations in many fruit tree crops such as citrus, apple, papaya and peach, but it takes considerable time to characterize them 7,8,13,20,21,22,25,26 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Leaf Essential Oil Composition of Homozygous and HeterozygousCitrus clementinaHort. Extan. and its Ancestors

Germanà

Palazzolo

Chiancone

et al. 2013

Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants

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Abstract:Clementine is a natural tangor, resulting from an interspecific cross between mandarin and sweet orange. Gametic embryogenesis, allowing the single-step development of complete homozygous line from the heterozygous parents, increases the efficiency of perennial crop breeding programs. Tri-haploids have been regenerated through pollen embryogenesis (specifically, by anther culture) of Citrus clementina Hort. ex Tan., cv. Nules. Two of them (HOMO1 and HOMO2) have been acclimatized and grafted in vivo in 2000. Research regarding the chemical characteristics of plant regenerated by pollen embryogenesis or gynogenesis are useful to study the "gametoclonal variation", as well as for further application of haploidy technology in Citrus breeding. For these reasons and with the aim to characterize these homozygous clementine genotypes, in this study leaf essential oils were extracted by Clevenger apparatus and their chemical composition was investigated by capillary GC-MS, comparing them with oils obtained from the heterozygous plant and from its ancestors (clementine is a hybrid between sweet orange and mandarin). The obtained oil compositions, submitted to a statistical analysis, are partitioned into groups using principal components analysis (PCA) and, compared to those of both parents, distinguished in three major chemotypes sabinene/linalool, γ-terpinene and methyl N-methylanthranilate.

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“…In Citrus and related genera, some haploid plants have been produced (Aleza et al, 2009;Froelicher et al, 2007;Germanà, 2009;Germanà andChiancone, 2001, 2003;Germanà et al, 1994;Hidaka et al, 1979;Oiyama and Kobayashi, 1993;Toolapong et al, 1996;Yahata et al, 2010), but flowering of haploids has rarely been reported in these studies because the haploids were very weak and grew more slowly than the original diploid plants. To date, the only flowering haploids in Citrus have been a pummelo haploid from among small seed-derived seedlings obtained from the cross between 'Banpeiyu' pummelo and 'Ruby Red' grapefruit (C. paradisi Macfad.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abnormality of Gamete Formation in a Pummelo [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.] Haploid

Yoshio

Kunitake

Yasuda

et al. 2011

J. Japan. Soc. Hort. Sci.

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We investigated female and male gamete formation in a pummelo [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.] haploid. During female gamete formation, no embryo-sac mother cell (EMC) was formed in ovules, and consequently no normal embryo sac was observed at anthesis, which was confirmed as the cause of female sterility in the haploid. During male gamete formation, on the other hand, meiosis in the pollen mother cells (PMCs) of the haploid occurred twice, but abnormalities were observed in most dividing cells. In some dividing cells, univalents did not distribute to the opposite poles at anaphase I; instead, they remained near the equatorial plate. The nine univalents then performed mitosis, which distributed equally forward opposite poles. Furthermore, at the tetrad stage, the tetrad comprised 99.3% of the 'Banpeiyu' pummelo, whereas sporads from monads to hexads with a relatively high frequency of dyads (24.7%) were produced in the haploid. These results suggest that fertile pollen grains observed in the haploid pummelo were produced by abnormalities in the first meiotic division such as first division restitution (FDR).

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Haploids and Doubled Haploids in Fruit Trees

Cited by 50 publications

References 91 publications

W. Murcott mandarin çeşidinde anter kültürü çalışmaları

W. Murcott mandarin çeşidinde anter kültürü çalışmaları

Characterization of Leaf Essential Oil Composition of Homozygous and HeterozygousCitrus clementinaHort. Extan. and its Ancestors

Abnormality of Gamete Formation in a Pummelo [Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.] Haploid

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