Haptoglobin polymorphism in individuals with type 2 diabetic microangiopathy

Abstract

Background:Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein with antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. Gene polymorphism may be a risk factor for diabetic vascular disease in Iranian population.Aims:The study investigates the existence or not of an association between haptoglobin genotypes and prevalence of diabetic microangiopathy in individuals with type 2 diabetic microangiopathy.Materials and Methods:We included 206 type 2 diabetic patients (<5 years duration) categorized into two groups according to the presence or absence of diabetic microvascular complications. The cases of interest were diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy identified during clinical and or laboratory examination. In addition, 114 age- and sex-matched individuals were selected to serve as a control group. Haptoglobin genotyping was done using an amplification gel electrophoresis.Results:The frequency of haptoglobin phenotype 2-1 in diabetic patients was 70/206 (33.9%) as compared with 54/114 (47.3%) in nondiabetics (P = 0.01). However, the frequency of haptoglobin phenotype 2-2 was greater in diabetics (126/114, 61.1%) than in those without diabetes (56/114, 49.1%; P = 0.02). Patients with diabetic microangiopathy; however, did not differ significantly between haptoglobin phenotype groups.Conclusions:Haptoglobin phenotype 2-2 is considered to be a major susceptibility gene for type 2 diabetic patients. Moreover, haptoglobin phenotype 2-1may be good prognostic factors for the development of diabetes mellitus.

Role of Haptoglobin in Health and Disease: A Focus on Diabetes

“…The antioxidant capacity of Hp in people with diabetes is of special concern. In particular, the Hp2-2 genotype is considered to be a major susceptibility gene for people with type 2 diabetes because it results in reduced antioxidant capacity ( 62 ).…”

Association between Genetic Variants and Diabetes Mellitus in Iranian Populations: A Systematic Review of Observational Studies

“…In this subgroup 42 studies were assessed and all of them were designed as case control association studies [ 22 , 35 – 68 , 70 – 75 ] except for one which was cross sectionally designed [ 69 ]. In 33 studies, PCR- RFLP was used for genotyping [ 22 , 36 – 38 , 40 – 54 , 56 , 58 – 61 , 63 – 66 , 69 , 72 – 75 ].…”

“…In 33 studies, PCR- RFLP was used for genotyping [ 22 , 36 – 38 , 40 – 54 , 56 , 58 – 61 , 63 – 66 , 69 , 72 – 75 ]. In 5 of them PCR was used [ 35 , 57 , 62 , 70 , 71 ] and the remaining studies PCR-SCA [ 39 ], real-time PCR [ 55 ], ARMS-PCR [ 66 ], Gap PCR [ 67 ], and CSGE (conformation-sensitive gel electrophoresis) sequencing [ 68 ] as the genotyping method were applied.…”

“…Other variants which had significant association with T2DM included haptoglobin (allele 2-2), leptin (G-2548A polymorphism), paraoxonase 2 (Ser311Cys polymorphism), GST (glutathione-S-transferase) M1 and GSTM1/GSTT1 interaction, calpain-10 (SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism) 43), IRS-1 (G972R polymorphism) and IRS-2 (G1057D polymorphism), VDR (vitamin D receptor) (TaqI polymorphism), KCNJ11 (E23K polymorphism), eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) VNTR (intron 4 a/b polymorphism), resistin (−420C/G polymorphism), and ACE (Insertion/Deletion) [ 35 – 37 , 45 , 47 , 50 , 55 , 57 , 58 , 64 , 70 ].…”

Aldose reductase C-106T gene polymorphism in type 2 diabetics with microangiopathy in Iranian individuals

“…The MVCs of interest were diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy, as previously described. [ 28 ] These are summarized as follows.…”