Hardware and Software Support for Virtualization

Bugnion, Edouard; Nieh, Jason; Tsafrir, Dan

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-01753-7

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The two terms are most often used in recent literature as synonyms like in [1,227,239]. But there is also research like BUGNION and others [32] which defines the VMM as a special part of the hypervisor controlling CPU and memory virtualization. Based on these insights, the work in hand also subsumes all virtualization components necessary to run VMs under the term hypervisor.…”

Section: Virtual Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…POPEK and GOLDBERG explained in more detail that a substantial number of instructions are directly executed on the processor without additional hypervisor interception. Therefore, simulators and emulators like QEMU [22] 11 which translate or intercept commands from the virtual to the physical machine are no hypervisor in their sense due to performance downsides [32].…”

Section: Virtual Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…With the rise of the container orchestration tool K8s [33], a third important interface was proposed: Container Runtime Interface (CRI). Container runtimes which implement this interface can be used by K8s and changed without recompiling the whole system 32 . The CRI consists of a gRPC API defining basic operations for sandbox and container operations delegated to tools like containerd and transitively runc.…”

Section: Container Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Simulation Framework for Function as a Service

Manner

2024

Schriften Aus Der Fakultät Wirtschaftsinformatik Und Angewandte Informatik Der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg

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Serverless Computing is seen as a game changer in operating large-scale applications. While practitioners and researches often use this term, the concept they actually want to refer to is Function as a Service (FaaS). In this new service model, a user deploys only single functions to cloud platforms where the cloud provider deals with all operational concerns – this creates the notion of server-less computing for the user. Nonetheless, a few configurations for the cloud function are necessary for most commercial FaaS platforms as they influence the resource assignments like CPU time and memory. Due to these options, there is still an abstracted perception of servers for the FaaS user. The resource assignment and the different strategies to scale resources for public cloud offerings and on-premise hosted open-source platforms determine the runtime characteristics of cloud functions and are in the focus of this work. Compared to cloud offerings like Platform as a Service, two out of the five cloud computing characteristics improved. These two are rapid elasticity and measured service. FaaS is the first computational cloud model to scale functions only on demand. Due to an independent scaling and a strong isolation via virtualized environments, functions can be considered independent of other cloud functions. Therefore, noisy neighbor problems do not occur. The second characteristic, measured service, targets billing. FaaS platforms measure execution time on a millisecond basis and bill users accordingly based on the function configuration. This leads to new performance and cost trade-offs. Therefore, this thesis proposes a simulation approach to investigate this tradeoff in an early development phase. The alternative would be to deploy functions with varying configurations, analyze the execution data from several FaaS platforms and adjust the configuration. However, this alternative is time-consuming, tedious and costly. To provide a proper simulation, the development and production environment should be as similar as possible. This similarity is also known as dev-prod parity. Based on a new methodology to compare different virtualized environments, users of our simulation framework are able to execute functions on their machines and investigate the runtime characteristics for different function configurations at several cloud platforms without running their functions on the cloud platform at all. A visualization of the local simulations guide the user to choose an appropriate function configuration to resolve the mentioned trade-off dependent on their requirements.

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Section: Virtual Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virtual Machinementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Container Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Simulation Framework for Function as a Service

Manner

2024

Schriften Aus Der Fakultät Wirtschaftsinformatik Und Angewandte Informatik Der Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bamberg

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“…Type 1 (native) and type 2 (hosted) hypervisors fall into these two groups [1][2]. In this case study, type 1 hypervisors were put to the test for the virtual platforms MS Hyper-V and KVM (Fig.…”

Section: Advanced Technologies and Applications Sessionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mathematical Modeling and File System Performance Examination for Type 1 Hypervisor with Full Hardware Virtualization in the Case of KVM and MS Hyper-V

Đorđević¹,

Kraljević²,

Štrbac-Savić³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference - Sinteza 2023

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The paper analyses the performance comparison of hypervisor type 1 in the case of KVM and MS Hyper-V platforms for virtualization. The characteristics of both tested hypervisors were examined through file system performance. The tests were performed under equal conditions and with an inimitable testing methodology, using the benchmark program -Filebench. The performance of the tested hypervisors was compared taking into account tests performed for a system with one, two and finally three virtual machines in state of operation. Mathematical modelling was done, which is the main contribution of this work, then hypotheses about the expected behaviour were set and confirmed through the obtained results. Ubuntu 22.04 LTS, an OS (operating system) from the Debian distribution family, was execute as the guest OS.

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“…Interrupt remapping enables I/O devices to trigger interrupts by performing DMAs to a dedicated memory range ( Bugnion, Nieh & Tsafrir, 2017 ; Hafeez & Patov, 2017 ); thus, VMs can receive interrupts from I/O devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overcoming the IOTLB wall for multi-100-Gbps Linux-based networking

Farshin

Rizzo

Elmeleegy

et al. 2023

PeerJ Computer Science

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This article explores opportunities to mitigate the performance impact of IOMMU on high-speed network traffic, as used in the Linux kernel. We first characterize IOTLB behavior and its effects on recent Intel Xeon Scalable & AMD EPYC processors at 200 Gbps, by analyzing the impact of different factors contributing to IOTLB misses and causing throughput drop (up to 20% compared to the no-IOMMU case in our experiments). Secondly, we discuss and analyze possible mitigations, including proposals and evaluation of a practical hugepage-aware memory allocator for the network device drivers to employ hugepage IOTLB entries in the Linux kernel. Our evaluation shows that using hugepage-backed buffers can completely recover the throughput drop introduced by IOMMU. Moreover, we formulate a set of guidelines that enable network developers to tune their systems to avoid the “IOTLB wall”, i.e., the point where excessive IOTLB misses cause throughput drop. Our takeaways signify the importance of having a call to arms to rethink Linux-based I/O management at higher data rates.

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Hardware and Software Support for Virtualization

Cited by 22 publications

References 56 publications

A Simulation Framework for Function as a Service

A Simulation Framework for Function as a Service

Mathematical Modeling and File System Performance Examination for Type 1 Hypervisor with Full Hardware Virtualization in the Case of KVM and MS Hyper-V

Overcoming the IOTLB wall for multi-100-Gbps Linux-based networking

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