Harm Reduction and HIV-Prevention among Injecting Drug Users in Australia: An International Comparison

Sendziuk, Paul

doi:10.3138/cbmh.24.1.113

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Combined prevention programming—particularly needle/syringe programs, opiate substitution treatment, and antiretroviral treatment—has been associated with averting HIV epidemics among PWID 2–4 and with reducing HIV transmission to very low levels in PWID populations that experienced high HIV seroprevalence epidemics. HIV incidence among PWID decreased to less than 1/100 person-years at risk in locations including Amsterdam, 5 New York City, 6 and Vancouver 7 following the implementation of these prevention programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined HIV Prevention, the New York City Condom Distribution Program, and the Evolution of Safer Sex Behavior Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in New York City

et al. 2013

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Objective Examine long term sexual risk behaviors among persons who inject drugs (PWID) in New York City following implementation of “combined” prevention programming, including condom social marketing. Methods Qualitative interviews and HIV testing were conducted among PWID entering Beth Israel Medical Center drug treatment programs 1990–2012. Data were analyzed by four time periods corresponding to the cumulative implementation of HIV prevention interventions. Results 7132 subjects were recruited from 1990–2012; little change in sexual behavior occurred among HIV seronegative subjects, while HIV seropositive subjects reported significant decreases in being sexually active and significant increases in consistent condom use. HIV transmission risk (being HIV positive and engaging in unprotected sex) declined from 14% in 1990–1995 to 2% in 2007–2012 for primary sexual partners and from 6% to 1% for casual partners. Conclusions Cumulative implementation of combined prevention programming for PWID was associated with substantial decreases in sexual risk behavior among HIV seropositives.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined HIV Prevention, the New York City Condom Distribution Program, and the Evolution of Safer Sex Behavior Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in New York City

et al. 2013

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“…Whereas decreasing trends of HIV/AIDS were generally observed in developed region and countries, e.g. New Zealand and Australia, where had the early response to HIV/AIDS prevention in high-risk groups, high-level awareness, and the robust healthcare systems [25][26][27] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends of HIV/AIDS Highlighted the Progresses and Challenges in Prevention and Control From 1990 to 2019

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background HIV/AIDS is a critical public health concern worldwide. This article aimed to demonstrate th trends of HIV/AIDS burden from 1990 to 2019.Methods Data was extracted from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBDs) 2019. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and age-standardized rate (ASR) were estimated to quantify the trends at global, regional and national levels.Results During the period 1990-2004, the trend in incidence of HIV/AIDS was stable globally. Whereas the trends in prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) had pronounced increasing trends, with the respective EAPCs were 7.47 (95%confidence interval [CI]: 5.84 to 9.12), 10.85(95%CI: 8.90 to 12.84), and 10.40(95%CI: 8.47 to 12.36). Meanwhile, the pronounced increasing trends were seen in low-resource settings, particularly that of death in Oceania and South Asia, in which the respective EAPCs were 44.76 (95%CI: 40.81 to 48.82) and 40.82 (95%CI: 34.31 to 47.64). However, the global trends in incidence, death and DALYs of HIV/AIDS pronouncedly decreased from 2005 to 2019, with the respective EAPCs were −2.68(95%CI: −2.82 to −2.53), −6.73(95%CI: −6.98 to −6.47) and −6.75(95%CI: −6.95 to −6.54). Whereas prevalence showed increasing trend (EAPC: 0.71, 95%CI: 0.54 to 0.87). Decreasing trends of HIV/AIDS were observed in most regions and countries, particularly that of death and DALYs in Burundi respectively were −15.28 (95%CI: −16.08 to −14.47) and −15.07 (95%CI: −15.79 to −14.33). Conclusions Decreasing trends of HIV/AIDS were observed worldwide over the past 15 years. However, HIV/AIDS remains one of the most critical causes of health loss worldwide, which emphasized the effective prevention and control strategies.

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“…Regarding differences in management of alcohol and other drug-related issues, the picture is complex. Australia and Canada were early adopters of harm reduction (Ritter & Cameron, 2006), particularly following the advent of HIV in the late 1980s (Sendziuk, 2007; Wood et al, 2001). By contrast, Sweden has maintained a strictly prohibitionist approach since the 1980s even if, in recent years, interest has increased in harm reduction measures such as low threshold residential services, opioid substitution, and needle exchange (Eriksson & Edman, 2017; Olsson, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Getting Better”

Fraser¹,

Ekendahl

2018

Contemporary Drug Problems

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The alcohol and other drug field is characterized by great diversity in kinds of treatment and treatment philosophies. Even the kinds of problems treatment is expected to address vary significantly, although agreement seems to exist that the general purpose is to help people "get better." This article considers this diversity, drawing on a qualitative project conducted in three countries: Australia, Canada, and Sweden. Inspired by the project's multisite approach and the questions it raises about comparative research, the article critically engages with the notion of "comparison" to think through what is at stake in making comparisons. Analyzing 80 interviews conducted with policy makers, service providers, and peer advocates, the article maps key ways treatment is conceptualized, identifying in them a central role for comparison. Participants in all sites invoked the need to consider addiction a multifaceted problem requiring a mix of responses tailored to individual differences. Related notions of "holism" were also commonly invoked, as was the need to concentrate on overall improvements in well-being rather than narrow changes in consumption patterns. In conducting this analysis, this article poses a series of critical questions. What kinds of comparisons about quality of life, the self, and wellbeing do treatments for addiction put into play? What categories and criteria of comparison are naturalized in these processes? What kinds of insights might these categories and criteria authorize, and what might they rule out? In short, what does it mean to understand alcohol and other drug use and our responses to it as intimately intertwined with the need to "get better," and what happens when we scrutinize the politics of comparison at work in getting better through addiction treatment? We conclude by arguing for the need to find new, fairer, ways of constituting the problems we presently ascribe to drugs and addiction.

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Harm Reduction and HIV-Prevention among Injecting Drug Users in Australia: An International Comparison

Cited by 13 publications

References 10 publications

Combined HIV Prevention, the New York City Condom Distribution Program, and the Evolution of Safer Sex Behavior Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in New York City

Combined HIV Prevention, the New York City Condom Distribution Program, and the Evolution of Safer Sex Behavior Among Persons Who Inject Drugs in New York City

Trends of HIV/AIDS Highlighted the Progresses and Challenges in Prevention and Control From 1990 to 2019

“Getting Better”

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