Harmonic, interharmonic and supraharmonic characterisation of a 12 MW wind park based on field measurements

Blanco, Ana María; Heimbach, Britta; Wartmann, Bruno; Meyer, Jan; Mangani, Marco; Oeschger, Martin

doi:10.1049/oap-cired.2017.0457

Cited by 14 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The most significant HFD sources were revealed to be photovoltaic (PV) power parks and electric vehicles (EVs) [16] and their charging stations (EVCSs), which are more intimately interconnected in the MV and LV grids, rather than larger wind parks and other large power installations, usually connected farther away in the grid an closer to the highvoltage level, with some exceptions [17,33,34].…”

Section: Typical Amplitude and Frequency Of Hfdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Grids and Instrument Transformers up to 150 kHz: A Review of Literature and Standards

Agazar,

D’Avanzo,

Frigo

et al. 2024

Sensors

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The phenomenon of high-frequency distortion (HFD) in the electric grids, at both low-voltage (LV) and medium-voltage (MV) levels, is gaining increasing interest within the scientific and technical community due to its growing occurrence and the associated impact. These disturbances are mainly injected into the grid by new installed devices, essential for achieving decentralized generation based on renewable sources. In fact, these generation systems are connected to the grid through power converters, whose switching frequencies are significantly increasing, leading to a corresponding rise in the frequency of the injected disturbances. HFD represents a quite recent issue, but numerous scientific papers have been published in recent years on this topic. Furthermore, various international standards have also covered it, to provide guidance on instrumentation and related algorithms and indices for the measurement of these phenomena. When measuring HFD in MV grids, it is necessary to use instrument transformers (ITs) to scale voltages and currents to levels fitting with the input stages of power quality (PQ) instruments. In this respect, the recently released Edition 2 of the IEC 61869-1 standard extends the concept of the IT accuracy class up to 500 kHz; however, the IEC 61869 standard family provides guidelines on how to test ITs only at power frequency. This paper provides an extensive review of literature, standards, and the main outputs of European research projects focusing on HFD and ITs. This preliminary study of the state-of-the-art represents an essential starting point for defining significant waveforms to test ITs and, more generally, to achieve a comprehensive understanding of HFD. In this framework, this paper provides a summary of the most common ranges of amplitude and frequency variations of actual HFD found in real grids, the currently adopted measurement methods, and the normative open challenges to be addressed.

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Section: Typical Amplitude and Frequency Of Hfdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power Grids and Instrument Transformers up to 150 kHz: A Review of Literature and Standards

Agazar,

D’Avanzo,

Frigo

et al. 2024

Sensors

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In [9], the impact of turbine loading conditions on harmonic emissions is reported to be marginal. A sensitivity of harmonic currents on the operating conditions of the wind park which includes harmonics sourced by the wind park and harmonics sourced by the grid background distortion is established in [10]. It is inferred that it is difficult to distinguish which part of these emissions comes from the summation of wind turbines and which from other sources i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Time-Varying Harmonic Interactions in a Wind Park

et al. 2021

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The harmonic interaction mechanism in a wind park is examined in this paper. The paper investigates the feasibility of a solution to the yet challenging harmonic contribution estimation from multiple sources in a wind park with limited available information, via an extension of a simple modeling approach as well as from detailed analysis of field measurements. The paper has two distinct objectives in assessing harmonic interactions (a) one to extend the classical Norton equivalent model to a multi-measurement wind park system and to suggest potential areas for further model developments from field measurement analysis, and (b) second to draw inferences from field measurements and to develop a new independent concept of analysis from long-term field measurements in the wind park. From practical experience, a new concept of analysis with a 'harmonic interaction break-even point' is introduced. With the help of it, one could identify whether the primary emission (emission from considered source) or secondary emission (emission from a distant source) dominates in the analysis period. In this way, the highest responsibility between different interacting time-varying harmonic sources is evaluated. It was concluded that from long-term measurements one can define a magnitude of power production where a certain harmonic order is canceled or reaches its lowest magnitude. If one finds this cancellation point, one can define a level of secondary/primary emission or at least a feasible range. This knowledge is a step forward towards harmonic contribution analysis.

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