Harmonised Classification of the Causes of Defects in a Global Inspection System: Proposed Methodology and Analysis of Fieldwork Data

Abstract

<jats:p>This research results from the development of a global inspection system based on previous studies about individual expert inspection systems for 12 types of elements/materials of the envelopes of current buildings. The research focuses on the rational harmonisation of the causes of defects in a global classification list, established from 12 individual lists. The process considers predetermined criteria, including guidelines for merging, splitting and combining causes to reach a comprehensive and simple list. The frequency of the prescription of causes of defects is analysed and the causes “C-D12 Dampening of the cladding system” in painted façades and “C-B7 Use of unprescribed, inadequate, incompatible, low-quality, non-certified and/or non-approved materials” in natural stone claddings stand out. Additionally, when analysing the relationship of causes with defects, some causes are highlighted because they are considered direct causes of defects in a broad range of building elements/materials, namely: “C-C9 Accidental collisions with the cladding”, “C-C7 Intentional collisions/vandalism”, “C-D2 Excessive, insufficient or differentiated solar radiation”, “C-D8 Presence of rainwater or snow” and “C-D12 Dampening of the cladding system”. The proposed list of causes successfully gathers causal knowledge on the pathology of the non-structural building envelope in a single component, homogenising the vocabulary used for several building elements/materials.</jats:p>

Yapı cephelerinde oluşan bozulmaların/hasarların tespiti ve müdahale stratejileri için bir yöntem önerisi

“…Tablo 1'de çeşitli ülkelerde kullanılan bu yöntemler; amaç, kapsam, inceleme yöntemi, değerlendirme alanları, kriterleri, sonuçları, kullanıcıları ve uygulama araçları açısından derlenmiştir ve çalışmaya katkı sağlayacak kriterler renklendirilerek belirlenmiştir (Erturan, 2014). • Cephelerdeki bozulmaların/hasarların düzeyinin belirlenebilmesi için, 5 puanlık değerlendirme yöntemi esas alınmıştır (Pereira, Brito, Silvestre, 2020). Buna göre bozulma/hasar durumları mükemmel, iyi, orta, kötü, çok kötü olarak kabul edilmiştir (Tablo 5).…”

Pathology and proactive maintenance of floor finishes

“…Knowing the causes of such defects is essential to reduce and/or eliminate their effects (Bordalo et al, 2010). A review of the literature (Bordalo et al, 2010;Carvalho et al, 2016;Delgado et al, 2013;Garcia and Brito, 2008;Pereira et al, 2020a;Urbanowicz, 1987) suggests that the most common causes of defects in floorings are faulty design, errors during the execution stage and inadequate use, which occur at crucial stages for their adequate performance. Some authors (Garcia and Brito, 2008;, further grouped the causes of defects as follows:…”

“…, 2016; Delgado et al. , 2013; Garcia and Brito, 2008; Pereira et al. , 2020a; Urbanowicz, 1987) suggests that the most common causes of defects in floorings are faulty design, errors during the execution stage and inadequate use, which occur at crucial stages for their adequate performance.…”

Critical Analysis about Emerging Technologies for Building’s Façade Inspection

“…In fact, it is almost consensual that building inspection benefits from the standardisation of inspection and diagnosis procedures [36,37]. The adoption of inspection systems helps surveyors to have harmonised procedures, which makes inspection reports more consistent and simpler to understand [2,3,38].…”