Harms Associated with cellular Towers (CDMA Vs GSM)

Abstract

Abstract:The use of mobile phone is increasing enormously, and hence has become a subject of recent interest and study, due to use of electromagnetic (EM) I. Introduction:EM radiation is a form of energy and travels through space hence exhibits wave-like behaviour. EM wave has electric (E) and magnetic (M) field components oscillating in perpendicular phase and direction of energy propagation is perpendicular to both. EM radiation is classified into ionizing and non-ionizing radiation, on the basis of its capability of ionizing atoms and hence breaking chemical bonds. Non-ionizing radiation may cause two possible hazards: electrical and biological [1] . Very high power EM radiation can have strong electric currents enough to create electrical arcs as induced voltage is greater than the breakdown voltage of the surroundings. The sparks can ignite the flammable gases or materials, leading to an explosion. The other effect of EM radiation is dielectric heating in biological aspects. Weaker non-thermal EM fields including weak Extremely Low Frequency fields [2][3] and modulated RF and microwave fields [4] leads to complex biological effects. A magnetic field induces circulating currents within the human body and the strength depends on the intensity of the striking magnetic field. The biological process is affected by the stimulation of nerves and muscles caused by these currents. The functions of human body cells changes due to exposure of EM wave as sequence of events which results into some disorder or disease [5] . Based on various biological studies and investigations the EM wave radiation's effects are classified in to 2 groups: Thermal and Non Thermal.The EM wave induces the rotation of the polar molecules leads to Thermal effect which heats up the user's head surface. Such heat produced is less than the exposure to direct sunlight and disposed of by local blood circulation. This temperature regulation mechanism is not possible in cornea and may be cause of cataract, depending on the SAR values [6] . The Non-thermal effect due to normal cellular use causes temperature increment and hence metabolic cell stress but is compensated by thermo receptor molecules containing stress proteins in cells to protect from heat shock [7] . As the stress proteins occurs for both ELF and RF, having different energy levels [8] are unaffected by thermal effects. It has various symptoms like burning sensations in the skin of the head, headaches, dizziness, fatigue, disturbances to sleep and digestive systems, loss of mental attention to react and memory retentiveness [9] .