Harps-N: the new planet hunter at TNG

Cosentino, R.; Lovis, C.; Pepe, F.; Cameron, A. Collier; Latham, David W.; Molinari, E.; Udry, S.; Bezawada, Naidu; Black, Martin; Born, Andy; Buchschacher, N.; Charbonneau, D.; Figueira, P.; Fleury, Michel; Galli, A.; Gallie, Angus; Gao, Xiaofeng; Ghedina, A.; González, C.; González, M.; Guerra, J.; Henry, David; Horne, K.; Hughes, I.; Kelly, Dennis; Lodi, M.; Lunney, D.; Maire, C.; Mayor, M.; Micela, G.; Ordway, Mark; Peacock, J. A.; Phillips, David F.; Piotto, G.; Pollacco, D.; Queloz, D.; Rice, Ken; Riverol, C.; Riverol, L.; Juán, J. San; Sasselov, Dimitar; Ségransan, D.; Sozzetti, A.; Sоsnowska, Danuta; Stobie, Brian; Szentgyorgyi, Andrew; Vick, Andy; Weber, L.

doi:10.1117/12.925738

Cited by 271 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…We observed WASP-47 with the HARPS-N spectrograph on the 3.58 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) on the island of La Palma, Spain (Cosentino et al 2012). HARPS-N is a stabilized high resolution (l l D = 115, 000) optical spectrograph designed specifically to make precise radial velocity measurements.…”

Section: Harps-n Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Masses in the WASP-47 System

Vanderburg

Becker

Buchhave

et al. 2017

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We present precise radial velocity observations of WASP-47, a star known to host a hot Jupiter, a distant Jovian companion, and, uniquely, two additional transiting planets in short-period orbits: a super-Earth in a ≈19 hr orbit, and a Neptune in a ≈9 day orbit. We analyze our observations from the HARPS-N spectrograph along with previously published data to measure the most precise planet masses yet for this system. When combined with new stellar parameters and reanalyzed transit photometry, our mass measurements place strong constraints on the compositions of the two small planets. We find that, unlike most other ultra-short-period planets, the inner planet, WASP-47 e, has a mass (6.83 ± 0.66 Å M ) and a radius (1.810 ± 0.027 Å R ) that are inconsistent with an Earth-like composition. Instead, WASP-47 e likely has a volatile-rich envelope surrounding an Earth-like core and mantle. We also perform a dynamical analysis to constrain the orbital inclination of WASP-47 c, the outer Jovian planet. This planet likely orbits close to the plane of the inner three planets, suggesting a quiet dynamical history for the system. Our dynamical constraints also imply that WASP-47 c is much more likely to transit than a geometric calculation would suggest. We calculate a transit probability for WASP-47 c of about 10%, more than an order of magnitude larger than the geometric transit probability of 0.6%.

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Section: Harps-n Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Precise Masses in the WASP-47 System

Vanderburg

Becker

Buchhave

et al. 2017

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“…We obtained 44 spectra of HIP 116454 on 33 different nights between July and October of 2014 with the HARPS-N spectrograph (Cosentino et al 2012) on the 3.57 m Telescopio Nazionale Galileo (TNG) on La Palma Island, Spain, to measure precise radial velocities and determine the orbit and mass of the transiting planet. Each HARPS-N spectrum was taken with a resolving power of R = 115000, and each measurement consisted of a 15 minute exposure, yielding an S/N of 50-100 per resolution element at 550 nm, depending on weather conditions.…”

Section: Harps-n Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterizing K2 Planet Discoveries: A Super-Earth Transiting the Bright K Dwarf Hip 116454

Vanderburg

Montet

Johnson

et al. 2015

ApJ

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116

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We report the first planet discovery from the two-wheeled Kepler (K2) mission: HIP 116454 b. The host star HIP 116454 is a bright (V = 10.1, K = 8.0) K1 dwarf with high proper motion and a parallax-based distance of 55.2 ± 5.4 pc. Based on high-resolution optical spectroscopy, we find that the host star is metal-poor with [Fe/H] = −0.16 ± 0.08 and has a radius R = 0.716 ± 0.024 R and mass M = 0.775 ± 0.027 M . The star was observed by the Kepler spacecraft during its Two-Wheeled Concept Engineering Test in 2014 February. During the 9 days of observations, K2 observed a single transit event. Using a new K2 photometric analysis technique, we are able to correct small telescope drifts and recover the observed transit at high confidence, corresponding to a planetary radius of R p = 2.53 ± 0.18 R ⊕ . Radial velocity observations with the HARPS-N spectrograph reveal a 11.82 ± 1.33 M ⊕ planet in a 9.1 day orbit, consistent with the transit depth, duration, and ephemeris. Follow-up photometric measurements from the MOST satellite confirm the transit observed in the K2 photometry and provide a refined ephemeris, making HIP 116454 b amenable for future follow-up observations of this latest addition to the growing population of transiting super-Earths around nearby, bright stars.

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“…When an observer initiates an observation, these blocks and their associated observing preferences are passed to the HARPS-N Sequencer software, which places all of the telescope subsystems into the appropriate states, performs the observation, and then triggers the data reduction process. 19 Thus, while the building of target lists has been streamlined, nightly observation planning still requires attention from an astronomer or telescope technician.…”

Section: Radial Velocity Surveysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capabilities and performance of the Automated Planet Finder telescope with the implementation of a dynamic scheduler

Burt

Holden

Hanson

et al. 2015

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst

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Abstract. We report initial performance results emerging from 600 h of observations with the Automated Planet Finder (APF) telescope and Levy spectrometer located at UCO/Lick Observatory. We have obtained multiple spectra of 80 G, K, and M-type stars, which comprise 4954 individual Doppler radial velocity (RV) measurements with a median internal uncertainty of 1.35 ms −1 . We find a strong, expected correlation between the number of photons accumulated in the 5000 to 6200 Å iodine region of the spectrum and the resulting internal uncertainty estimates. Additionally, we find an offset between the population of G and K stars and the M stars within the dataset when comparing these parameters. As a consequence of their increased spectral line densities, M-type stars permit the same level of internal uncertainty with 2× fewer photons than G-type and K-type stars. When observing M stars, we show that the APF/Levy has essentially the same speed-on-sky as Keck/high resolution echelle spectrometer (HIRES) for precision RVs. In the interest of using the APF for long-duration RV surveys, we have designed and implemented a dynamic scheduling algorithm. We discuss the operation of the scheduler, which monitors ambient conditions and combines on-sky information with a database of survey targets to make intelligent, real-time targeting decisions.

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Harps-N: the new planet hunter at TNG

Cited by 271 publications

References 0 publications

Precise Masses in the WASP-47 System

Precise Masses in the WASP-47 System

Characterizing K2 Planet Discoveries: A Super-Earth Transiting the Bright K Dwarf Hip 116454

Capabilities and performance of the Automated Planet Finder telescope with the implementation of a dynamic scheduler

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