Hate Crime Victimization and Weapon Use

Malcom, Zachary T.; Lantz, Brendan

doi:10.1177/0093854820983848

Cited by 16 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Although hate and bias crimes have been increasing in the United States in recent years (Kena & Thompson, 2021; Smith, 2021) and there is a substantial amount of evidence suggesting that hate crimes are more severe than other crimes (Iganski, 2001; Lantz & Kim, 2019; Malcom & Lantz, 2021), hate crime legislation remains a particularly divisive issue in American society. More specifically, while most Americans agree that hate crime laws are necessary, roughly one third of Americans are still unsupportive of such legislation (Steen & Cohen, 2004; see also, Cramer et al, 2017; Hart & Teeter, 1999a, 1999b).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Politics or prejudice? Separating the influence of political affiliation and prejudicial attitudes in determining support for hate crime law.

Malcom¹,

Wenger²,

Lantz³

2023

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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Hate crime legislation is a divisive issue in America. While many Americans agree that hate crime laws are necessary, roughly one-third of Americans do not support such legislation. Some research suggests that one reason for this variation in support may be differences in political attitudes. Other research suggests that variation in support may be attributable to differences in prejudicial attitudes toward those minority groups that hate crime laws are intended to protect. Importantly, however, prior research has also indicated a relationship between political affiliation and prejudice, yet research has not considered the potential for there to be a joint relationship between prejudice, political affiliation, and hate crime law support. Following this, the current research examined these relationships using data from 1,935 survey respondents across the United States who voted in the 2016 election, shared who they voted for, and expressed opinions regarding hate crime laws. Our results indicated at least three important findings. First, we found that political attitudes were uniquely associated with hate crime law support, such that more conservative voters were less likely to support hate crime laws. Second, indicators of anti-Hispanic, anti-Asian, and anti-Black prejudice were each negatively associated with hate crime law support. Finally, each of these prejudicial attitude measures significantly mediated the association between political affiliation and hate crime law support. These results suggest that politically conservative resistance to these laws may be partially rooted in prejudicial attitudes. By understanding these patterns, this research can inform important policy debates surrounding these issues moving forward.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Politics or prejudice? Separating the influence of political affiliation and prejudicial attitudes in determining support for hate crime law.

Malcom¹,

Wenger²,

Lantz³

2023

Psychology, Public Policy, and Law

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“…More specifically, research has demonstrated a relationship between experiences with racial discrimination and a number of negative mental health outcomes, including psychological distress, reduced life satisfaction, decreased self-esteem, anxiety, depression, suicidal ideation, and other mental health issues ( Gee et al, 2007 ; Hwang & Goto, 2008 ; Nadal et al, 2015 ; Padela & Heisler, 2010 ; Sue et al, 2009 ). Prior research has also suggested that hate crimes can result in severe physical trauma and negatively impact physical health as well ( Chen et al, 2020 ; Gee et al, 2007 ; Lantz & Kim, 2019 ; Malcom & Lantz, 2021 ). Given the scope of the COVID-19 pandemic, researchers should make careful efforts to better understand the specific consequences of COVID-19-related discrimination and bias if we hope to develop appropriate interventions to deal with such issues.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Asian Xenophobia, Hate Crime Victimization, and Fear of Victimization During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Lantz

Wenger

2022

J Interpers Violence

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While the World Health Organization advised against referring to COVID-19 using racial overtones, as the COVID-19 pandemic spread, many disparagingly called it the “Wuhan virus,” the “Chinese virus,” and other terms. In this context, the FBI warned police agencies about an expected increase in anti-Asian hate crimes during the early months of the pandemic. But, while some researchers and media outlets discussed these potential increases at length, very few studies have been able to directly assess the nature of anti-Asian hate and bias victimization during the pandemic. Following this, the current study directly examines variation in anti-Asian bias and victimization in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, this research presents results from two studies using a survey of 3,163 non-Asian and 575 Asian American and Pacific Islander respondents, respectively. The first study examines the prevalence of anti-Asian xenophobia among the non-Asian sample and assesses differences in these prejudicial attitudes across respondent characteristics, while the second study examines variation in experiences with bias during the pandemic among the Asian sample. The results illustrate the ubiquity of anti-Asian sentiment, suggesting that those who indicate greater fear of the pandemic report more prejudicial attitudes, as well as important racial differences in these patterns. The results also demonstrate the extent to which the pandemic has impacted individual experiences with anti-Asian bias victimization, such that more than one-third of Asian respondents report bias victimization during the pandemic, and more than half of Asian respondents report that they know someone who has been victimized. These patterns have important implications for addressing COVID-19-related hate crime moving forward.

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“…From a policy perspective, it is also important to consider the profound physical and mental health consequences of hate crime victimization. Hate crimes tend to be more physically severe than other crimes (e.g., Lantz & Kim, 2019; Malcom & Lantz, 2020) and more psychologically traumatic than other crimes (e.g., Herek et al, 1997). Within this context, one of the most important consequences of the disclosure of victimization is the access to resources for dealing with the victimization, including victim support services (Fisher et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are Asian Victims Less Likely to Report Hate Crime Victimization to the Police? Implications for Research and Policy in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic

Lantz

Wenger

2021

Crime & Delinquency

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Anti-Asian hate crimes have increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. Yet, no research has considered whether crime reporting patterns are different among Asian hate crime victims, relative to other victims. Following this, this research presents an examination of differences in reporting victimization to the police between Asian and non-Asian victims using information from 997 respondents who experienced a hate crime in the first 1 to 2 months of the pandemic. Results indicate that Asian victims are significantly and substantially less likely to report victimization to the police than other victims. Taken together, these results suggest that current estimates of increases in anti-Asian hate crime based on official crime statistics—although high—may actually be an under-estimation of the true extent of the problem.

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Hate Crime Victimization and Weapon Use

Cited by 16 publications

References 49 publications

Politics or prejudice? Separating the influence of political affiliation and prejudicial attitudes in determining support for hate crime law.

Politics or prejudice? Separating the influence of political affiliation and prejudicial attitudes in determining support for hate crime law.

Anti-Asian Xenophobia, Hate Crime Victimization, and Fear of Victimization During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Are Asian Victims Less Likely to Report Hate Crime Victimization to the Police? Implications for Research and Policy in the Wake of the COVID-19 Pandemic

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