Hawking temperature and the emergent cosmic space

Hashemi, M.; Jalalzadeh, S.; Farahani, S. Vasheghani

doi:10.1007/s10714-015-1893-5

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…For a spatially non-flat universe (k = 0), the apparent horizon given by r A = c/ H 2 + (k/a 2 ) is used instead of the Hubble horizon; see, e.g., Refs. [94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104].…”

Section: The Bekenstein-hawking Entropymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this section, the Padmanabhan idea called the 'holographic equipartition law' is reviewed, based on his work [92] and related work [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108]. (The surface terms assumed in entropic cosmology [73,74] are not considered in the holographic equipartition law.…”

Section: Holographic Equipartition Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the holographic equipartition law with BekensteinHawking entropy, cosmological equations in a flat universe can be derived from the expansion of cosmic space due to the difference between the degrees of freedom on the surface and in the bulk [92]. The emergence of the cosmological equations (i.e., the Friedmann and acceleration equations) has been examined from various viewpoints, such as a non-flat universe and quantum-corrected entropy [93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108]. However, dark energy and have not yet been discussed fundamen-tally, though they have been considered in several studies [105][106][107][108].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cosmological model from the holographic equipartition law with a modified Rényi entropy

2017

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Cosmological equations were recently derived by Padmanabhan from the expansion of cosmic space due to the difference between the degrees of freedom on the surface and in the bulk in a region of space. In this study, a modified Rényi entropy is applied to Padmanabhan's 'holographic equipartition law', by regarding the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy as a nonextensive Tsallis entropy and using a logarithmic formula of the original Rényi entropy. Consequently, the acceleration equation including an extra driving term (such as a time-varying cosmological term) can be derived in a homogeneous, isotropic, and spatially flat universe. When a specific condition is mathematically satisfied, the extra driving term is found to be constant-like as if it is a cosmological constant. Interestingly, the order of the constant-like term is naturally consistent with the order of the cosmological constant measured by observations, because the specific condition constrains the value of the constant-like term.

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Section: The Bekenstein-hawking Entropymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Holographic Equipartition Lawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cosmological model from the holographic equipartition law with a modified Rényi entropy

2017

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“…In addition, Padmanabhan argues that the positive difference between the surface and bulk degrees freedom may lead to emergence of spacetime and thus the universe expansion [49][50][51][52][53] denote the surface and bulk degrees of freedom, respectively [49]. Moreover, E = (ρ + 3p)V is the Komar mass, while T is the CaiKim temperature [9,15].…”

Section: Emergence Of Spacetime and The Universe Expansionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implications, Consequences and Interpretations of Generalized Entropy in the Cosmological Setups

Moradpour

2016

Int J Theor Phys

124

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Recently, it was argued (Eur. Phys. J. C 73, 2487 (2013)) that the total entropy of a gravitational system should be related to the volume of system instead of the system surface. Here, we show that this new proposal cannot satisfy the unified first law of thermodynamics and the Friedmans equation simultaneously, unless the effects of dark energy candidate on the horizon entropy are considered.In fact, our study shows that some types of dark energy candidate may admit this proposal. Some general properties of required dark energy are also addressed. Moreover, our investigation shows that this new proposal for entropy, while combined with the second law of thermodynamics (as the backbone of Verlinde's proposal), helps us in providing a thermodynamic interpretation for the difference between the surface and bulk degrees of freedom which, according to Padmanabhan's proposal, leads to the emergence of spacetime and thus the universe expansion. In fact, our investigation shows that the entropy changes of system may be equal to the difference between the surface and bulk degrees of freedom falling from surface into the system volume. Briefly, our results signal us that this new proposal for entropy may be in agreement with the thermodynamics laws,

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“…Moreover, the standard evolution of the universe was also reproduced directly from the proposed relation. This proposal inspired plenty of related studies and remarkable progress [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. However, in the framework of Padmanabhan's conjecture, the study of quantum effect is missing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Quantum Effect on Friedmann Equation in FRW Universe

Zhang

Kuang

2018

Advances in High Energy Physics

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We study the modified Friedmann equation in the Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universe with quantum effect. Our modified results mainly stem from the new entropy-area relation and the novel idea of Padmanabhan, who considers the cosmic space to be emerging as the cosmic time progresses, so that the expansion rate of the universe is determined by the difference of degrees of freedom between the holographic surface and the bulk inside. We also discuss the possibility of having bounce cosmological solution from the modified Friedmann equation in spatially flat geometry.

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Hawking temperature and the emergent cosmic space

Cited by 13 publications

References 49 publications

Cosmological model from the holographic equipartition law with a modified Rényi entropy

Cosmological model from the holographic equipartition law with a modified Rényi entropy

Implications, Consequences and Interpretations of Generalized Entropy in the Cosmological Setups

The Quantum Effect on Friedmann Equation in FRW Universe

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