Hazard index for underground toxic material

Smith, C. F.; Cohen, Jeffrey P.; McKone, Thomas E.

doi:10.2172/5180369

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…9. The initial blood level is 4 chronic effect. These blood levels can be compared to 5.4 pg/100 ml, which is the blood level increase that results from ingesting water contaminated with lead at the EPA drinking water standard.…”

Section: Health Risks From Additions Of Arsenic and Lead To Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Landscape Chemical Cycles for Indexing the Health Risks of Toxic Elements and Radionuclides

1983

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Analysis of energy-system impacts requires quantifications of short-and long-term local, regional, and global modifications. This paper describes and illustrates an approach for assessing long-term health risks due to dispersion of naturally occurring radionuclide series and chemical toxins by normal and altered landscape-chemical cycles. Health hazards are expressed as dose factors which convert environmental concentrations into a corresponding dose field (organ doses in rad for radionuclides; daily intake for toxic elements). The dose field is translated into a population health risk. The external environment is modelled by considering the manner in which elements are distributed and mobilized within the earth system. The landscape prism is presented as a tool for visualizing and mapping toxic material cycles near the crustal surface. An approach is provided for dividing the landscape into a set of compartments consistent with patterns of element circulation observed in the global environment. We investigate the response of regional landscapes to increases of 238U, 226Ra, arsenic and lead in soil and groundwater. It is found that each decay series or element imposes a hazard by its behavior in the total environment that caunot be quantified by a simple measure of toxicity.

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Section: Health Risks From Additions Of Arsenic and Lead To Soilmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Landscape Chemical Cycles for Indexing the Health Risks of Toxic Elements and Radionuclides

1983

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“…Tritium and Co-60 are probably excluded from the other classifications because of their relatively short half-lives. These classifications are based on an LOIC of 150 and 300 (Smith et al 1980) years, when these two elements would have disappeared from the waste. Plutonium and americium were probably ranked lower in our screening because their Inventory at low-1 eve I waste sites tends to be small.…”

Section: Radionuclide Evaluationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relevance of biotic pathways to the long-term regulation of nuclear waste disposal. A report on Tasks 1 and 2 of Phase I. [Shallow land burial]

McKenzie¹,

Cadwell²,

Cushing³

et al. 1982

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Although the listing that follows represents the majority of documents cited in NRC publications. It IS not intended to be exhaustive Referenced documents available for inspection and copying for a fee from the NRC Public Docu ment Room include NRC correspondence and internal NRC memoranda, NRC Off ice of Inspection and Enforcement bulletins, circulars, information notices, inspection and investigation notices. Licensee Event Reports, vendor reports and correspondence. Commission papers, and applicant and licensee documents and correspondenceThe following documents in the NUREG series are available for purchase from the NRC/GPO Sales Program formal NRC staff and contractor reports, NRC sponsored conference proceedings, and NRC booklets and brochures Also available are Regulatory Guides, NRC regulations in the Code of Federal Regulations, and Nuclear Regulatory Commission Issuances Documents available from the National Technical Information Service include NUREG series reports and technical reports prepared by other federal agencies and reports prepared by the Atomic Energy Commission, forerunner agency to the Nuclear Regulatory Commission Documents available from public and special technical libraries include all open literature items, such as books, journal and periodical articles, and transactions Federal Register notices, federal and state legislation, and congressional reports can usually be obtained from these libraries Documents such as theses, dissertations, foreign reports and translations, and non NRC conference proceedings are available for purchase from the organization sponsoring the publication cited Single copies of NRC draft reports are available free upon written request to the

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Application of Multimedia Pollutant Transport Models to Risk Analysis

McKone

Kastenberg

1986

Pollutants in a Multimedia Environment

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Hazard index for underground toxic material

Cited by 8 publications

References 4 publications

The Use of Landscape Chemical Cycles for Indexing the Health Risks of Toxic Elements and Radionuclides

The Use of Landscape Chemical Cycles for Indexing the Health Risks of Toxic Elements and Radionuclides

Relevance of biotic pathways to the long-term regulation of nuclear waste disposal. A report on Tasks 1 and 2 of Phase I. [Shallow land burial]

Application of Multimedia Pollutant Transport Models to Risk Analysis

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