“…Finally, they could achieve high benefits by implementing their suggested methodology in both cities. After them, many researchers have worked on VRPs and location-routing problems for USWM considering different characteristics such as hazardous waste and multiple waste products (Aydemir-Karadag, 2018;Hauge et al, 2014;Louati, 2016;Paredes-Belmar et al, 2017;Rabbani et al, 2018;Ramos et al, 2018;Tung and Pinnoi, 2000;Yilmaz et al, 2014). Furthermore, the VRP has been studied widely in the literature for various real-world applications (Mirmohammadi et al, 2017;Tirkolaee et al, 2017Tirkolaee et al, , 2019, but CARP has been almost neglected despite its effective practical aspects, particularly in USWM (Tirkolaee et al, 2018a).…”