Hazards Associated with the Use of Herbal and Other Natural Products

Hausner, Elizabeth; Poppenga, Robert H.

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0717-1.00026-0

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…The rate of absorption is heavily reliant on the existence of food and other compounds [26]. In humans, intoxication signs are abdominal distress, emesis, tremors, excitement, seizures, and CNS depression characterized by apnea and coma [17,25]. The traditional Unani medicine discusses various corrective agents (Muslih) and forms of simple and compound drugs that can use according to the condition internally or externally to manage or minimize the adverse effects of camphor.…”

Section: Therapeutic Dose Adverse Effects and Correctives Of C Campho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Symptoms may appear 5-90 minutes after consumption [26]. In humans, indications of intoxication include nausea, vomiting, trembling, and convulsions, which are followed by CNS depression characterized by apnea and coma [17,75].…”

Section: Toxicity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An overdose may result in systemic toxicity. Signs of intoxication include gastrointestinal pain, emesis, agitation, tremors, and convulsions, which are followed by CNS depression marked by apnea and coma [17]. Furthermore, it is an important ingredient of Arq Ajeeb used as a prophylactic medicine for COVID-19 as per AYUSH guidelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Insights on Bioactive Molecules, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Other Pharmacological Activities of Cinnamomum camphora Linn

Fazmiya¹,

Sultana²,

Rahman

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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C. camphora is a renowned traditional Unani medicinal herb and belongs to the family Lauraceae. It has therapeutic applications in various ailments and prophylactic properties to prevent flu-like epidemic symptoms and COVID-19. This comprehensive appraisal is to familiarize the reader with the traditional, broad applications of camphor both in Unani and modern medicine and its effects on bioactive molecules. Electronic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Research Gate were searched for bioactive molecules, and preclinical/clinical research and including 59 research and review papers up to 2022 were retrieved. Additionally, 21 classical Unani and English herbal pharmacopeia books with ethnomedicinal properties and therapeutic applications were explored. Oxidative stress significantly impacts aging, obesity, diabetes mellitus, depression, and neurodegenerative diseases. The polyphenolic bioactive compounds such as linalool, borneol, and nerolidol of C. camphora have antioxidant activity and have the potential to remove free radicals. Its other major bioactive molecules are camphor, cineole, limelol, safrole, limonene, alpha-pinene, and cineole with anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anxiolytic, analgesic, immunomodulatory, antihyperlipidemic, and many other pharmacological properties have been established in vitro or in vivo preclinical research. Natural bioactive molecules and their mechanisms of action and applications in diseases have been highlighted, with future prospects, gaps, and priorities that need to be addressed.

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Section: Therapeutic Dose Adverse Effects and Correctives Of C Campho...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Toxicity Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Current Insights on Bioactive Molecules, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Other Pharmacological Activities of Cinnamomum camphora Linn

Fazmiya¹,

Sultana²,

Rahman

et al. 2022

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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“…Camphor, commonly found in many topical products, has risks in certain populations if not used appropriately. Human fatalities have occurred in individuals ingesting 1-2 grams of camphor-containing products [36,37]. Lethality has also occurred in teaspoon doses in infants [36].…”

Section: Cough and Coldmentioning

confidence: 99%

One-dollar medications: evaluating the true cost

Shea

Sorauf

Polson

et al. 2022

ATM

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Introduction: Dollar stores offer access to medications. Reports of adulteration and violations of good manufacturing practice (GMP) of the medications sold at these stores raise concern. Additionally, medications may be used inappropriately for self-treatment, resulting in suboptimal care and safety concerns. Is the cost of one-dollar medications truly a cost saving for consumers? Methods: This was a cross-sectional evaluation of medications sold in dollar stores. Medications were reviewed from December 2018 through July 2021. Researchers evaluated price comparisons of medications sold in dollar stores in comparison to those sold in pharmacies, assessed the quantity of the medication products from the manufacturer that had committed violations of GMP, and conducted a qualitative analysis of the safety of the medications for self- treatment with respect to current guidelines. Mann-Whitney U price analysis was performed between dollar store products and generic pharmacy products. Results: The cost per unit of pain medication was significantly higher for purchases at dollar stores (Mdn = 0.045) in comparison to generic pain medications sold in pharmacies (Mdn = 0.030), W = 251.5, p = 0.013. There was no statistical difference in the costs of all other medications. The majority of the medications (59%) were from the manufacturer that had committed violations of GMP. Only second-line treatment options were available, providing suboptimal treatments and increased risks for adverse effects and poorer control of symptoms. Conclusion: Consumers are not attaining a cost benefit when purchasing dollar store medications. Medications sold in settings in which a healthcare professional is not accessible should be limited to acute use dosing in place of packaging for chronic use. Additionally, further research is needed to determine if the violations determined for medications sold at the dollar store have been remedied.

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“…Safrole, another aromatic aldehyde was only detected in the Indonesian specimen (8.5%), and was absent from Malaysian and Egyptian fruits. Safrole is an important food-borne toxin with some evidence for genotoxic activity, with the US-FDA banning its use as a food additive [58]. Qualitative and quantitative differences in aroma composition among the same food of different origins is common and has been extensively reported from previous reports as these chemicals are produced in part adapting to plants own environment [59].…”

Section: Ethers/oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrient and Sensory Metabolites Profiling of Averrhoa Carambola L. (Starfruit) in the Context of Its Origin and Ripening Stage by GC/MS and Chemometric Analysis

et al. 2020

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Averrhoa carambola L. is a tropical tree with edible fruit that grows at different climatic conditions. Despite its nutritive value and reported health benefits, it is a controversial fruit owing to its rich oxalate content. The present study aimed at investigating aroma and nutrient primary metabolites distribution in A. carambola fruits grown in Indonesia, Malaysia (its endemic origin) versus Egypt, and at different ripening stages. Two techniques were employed to assess volatile and non-volatile metabolites including headspace solid-phase micro-extraction (HS-SPME) joined with gas chromatography coupled with mass-spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC-MS post silylation, respectively. Twenty-four volatiles were detected, with esters amounting for the major class of volatiles in Egyptian fruit at ca. 66%, with methyl caproate as the major component, distinguishing it from other origins. In contrast, aldehydes predominated tropically grown fruits with the ether myristicin found exclusively in these. Primary metabolites profiling led to the identification of 117 metabolites viz. sugars, polyols and organic acids. Fructose (38–48%) and glucose (21–25%) predominated sugar compositions in ripe fruits, whereas sorbitol was the major sugar alcohol (2.4–10.5%) in ripe fruits as well. Oxalic acid, an anti-nutrient with potential health risks, was the major organic acid detected in all the studied fruits (1.7–2.7%), except the Malaysian one (0.07%). It increases upon fruit ripening, including considerable amounts of volatile oxalate esters detected via SPME, and which must not be omitted in total oxalate determinations for safety assessments.

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Hazards Associated with the Use of Herbal and Other Natural Products

Cited by 14 publications

References 41 publications

Current Insights on Bioactive Molecules, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Other Pharmacological Activities of Cinnamomum camphora Linn

Current Insights on Bioactive Molecules, Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Other Pharmacological Activities of Cinnamomum camphora Linn

One-dollar medications: evaluating the true cost

Nutrient and Sensory Metabolites Profiling of Averrhoa Carambola L. (Starfruit) in the Context of Its Origin and Ripening Stage by GC/MS and Chemometric Analysis

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