HCNG fueled spark-ignition (SI) engine with its effects on performance and emissions

Alrazen, Hayder A.; Ahmad, Kamarul Arifin

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2017.09.035

Cited by 71 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…The fuel composition affects the composition of products due to the different stoichiometric air-fuel ratios and carbon/hydrogen ratios [51,52]. Therefore, Figure 6 shows the products with changes in equivalence ratio for diesel, biodiesel, and their blends.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of equilibrium combustion products of diesel-biodiesel fuel blends using the developed solving process for CnHm and CαHβOg fuel blends

Yıldız¹,

Çeper²

2022

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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This study investigates the combustion products of diesel-biodiesel fuel blends by considering its chemical equilibrium state. In order to determine the equilibrium combustion products involving 10 species, a solving scheme which can be used for different fuel blends consisting of CnHm and CHO generic structures was developed. The constituted solving scheme was then applied for four different mixtures which were diesel, 20 and 50 % biodiesel additions (by volume), and 100% biodiesel. The change in mole fraction of the fuels and their blends was determined as a function of temperature, pressure and equivalence ratio. Besides, mass-based combustion product rates of CO2, CO and NO for a unity of fuel mass were also investigated for different temperatures and equivalence ratios. The results show that the addition of biodiesel to diesel fuel does not have any significant effect on the change in the mole fraction of the combustion products. However, the addition of biodiesel reduces slightly the formation of CO and NO, while CO2 shows a slightly increasing trend. In terms of mass-based combustion product rates, the biodiesel addition reduces the amount of CO2, CO and NO products because it increases the molecular weight of the fuel blends.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of equilibrium combustion products of diesel-biodiesel fuel blends using the developed solving process for CnHm and CαHβOg fuel blends

Yıldız¹,

Çeper²

2022

Int. J. Automot. Mech. Eng.

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“…Natural gas and hydrogen mixture combustion should intensify the lean-burn traits as well as lower some of the harmful emissions, such as CO, HC and CO 2 . The main issue, however, is the expected increase in NO x emissions [77,78]. Employing an NG/H 2 mixture as a fuel can be profitable as it will take advantage of the positive aspects of hydrogen combustion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption

et al. 2020

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The projected increase in the availability of gaseous fuels by growing popularity of household natural gas (NG) filling stations and the increase in the production of gaseous biogas-derived fuels is conducive to an increase in the use of NG fuel. Currently, natural gas in various forms (compressed natural gas (CNG), liquefied natural gas (LNG)) is popular in maritime, rail and road transport. A new direction of natural gas application may be non-road mobile machines powered by a small spark-ignition engine (SI). The use of these engines in the wood chippers can cause the reduction of machine costs and emissions of harmful exhaust gases. In addition, plant material chippers intended for composting in bio-gas plants can be driven by the gas they are used to produce. The biogas can be purified to bio-methane to meet natural gas quality standards. The article presents the design of the natural gas supply system, which is an upgrade of the Lifan GX 390 combustion engine spark ignition engine (Four-stroke, OHV (over head valve) with a maximum power of 9.56 kW), which is a common representative of small gasoline engines. The engine is mounted in a cylindrical chipper designed for shredding branches with a maximum diameter of up to 100 mm, which is a typical machine used for cleaning work in urban areas. The engine powered by CNG and traditionally gasoline has been tested in real working conditions, when shredding cherry plum (Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. Beitr. Naturk. 4:17. 1789 (Gartenkalender4:189–204. 1784)). Their diameter was ca. 80 mm, 3-metere-long, and humidity content ca. 25%. The systems were tested under the same actual operating conditions, the average power generated by the drives during shredding is about 0.69 kW. Based on the recorded results, it was found that the CNG-fuelled engine was characterized by nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions higher by 45%. The other effects of CNG were a reduction in carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions of about 81%, 26% and 57%, respectively. Additionally, the use of CNG reduced fuel consumption by 31% and hourly estimated machine operating costs resulting from fuel costs by 53% (for average fuel price in Poland: gasoline: 0.99 EUR/L and CNG: 0.71 EUR/m3 on 08 November 2020). The modernization performed by the authors ensured the work of the drive unit during shredding, closer to the value of stoichiometric mixtures. The average (AVG) value of the air fuel ratio (AFR) for CNG was enriched by 1.2% (AVG AFR was 17), while for the gasoline engine the mixture was more enriched by 4.8% (AVG AFR was 14). The operation of spark-ignition (SI) combustion engines is most advantageous when burning stoichiometric mixtures due to the cooperation with exhaust aftertreatment systems (e.g., three-function catalytic converter). A system powered by CNG may be beneficial in systems adapting to operating conditions, used in low-power shredding machines, whose problem is increased HC emissions, and CNG combustion may reduce them. The developed system does not exceed the emission standards applicable in the European Union. For CO emissions expressed in g/kWh, it was about 95% lower than the permissible value, and HC + NOx emissions were 85% lower. This suggests that the use of the fuel in question may contribute to tightening up the permissible emission regulations for non-road machinery.

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“…Considering the global commitment to reduce CO 2 emission, the HCNG penetrated IES can be the development direction of IES, and the investigation of how a HCNG penetrated IES can be to effectively operated is valuable. The use of HCNG as a fuel in the engine will significantly reduce emissions of THC, CO, CO 2 and CH 4 , but will increase NO X emissions [11]- [14]. And NO X can be processed to meet emission standards [12], [14].…”

Section: Hpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The use of HCNG as a fuel in the engine will significantly reduce emissions of THC, CO, CO 2 and CH 4 , but will increase NO X emissions [11]- [14]. And NO X can be processed to meet emission standards [12], [14].…”

Section: Hpcmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design and Evaluation of Operational Scheduling Approaches for HCNG Penetrated Integrated Energy System

Zhou

He²,

et al. 2019

IEEE Access

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This paper proposes and assesses three different control approaches for the hydrocarbon natural gas (HCNG) penetrated integrated energy system (IES). The three control approaches adopt mixed integer linear programing, conditional value at risk (CVaR), and robust optimization (RO), respectively, aiming to mitigate the renewable generation uncertainties. By comparing the performance and efficiency, the most appropriate control approach for the HCNG penetrated IES is identified. The numerical analysis is conducted to evaluate the three control approaches in different scenarios, where the uncertainty level of renewable energy (within the HCNG penetrated IES) varies. The numerical results show that the CVaR-based approach outperforms the other two approaches when renewable uncertainty is high (approximately 30%). In terms of the cost to satisfy the energy demand, the operational cost of the CVaR-based method is 8.29% lower than the RO one, while the RO-based approach has a better performance when the renewable uncertainty is medium (approximately 5%) and it is operational is 0.62% lower than that of the CVaR model. In both evaluation cases, mixed integer linear programing approach cannot meet the energy demand. This paper also compares the operational performance of the IES with and without HCNG. It is shown that the IES with HCNG can significantly improve the capability to accommodate renewable energy with low upgrading cost.

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HCNG fueled spark-ignition (SI) engine with its effects on performance and emissions

Cited by 71 publications

References 141 publications

Estimation of equilibrium combustion products of diesel-biodiesel fuel blends using the developed solving process for CnHm and CαHβOg fuel blends

Estimation of equilibrium combustion products of diesel-biodiesel fuel blends using the developed solving process for CnHm and CαHβOg fuel blends

Impact of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) Fuel Systems in Small Engine Wood Chippers on Exhaust Emissions and Fuel Consumption

Design and Evaluation of Operational Scheduling Approaches for HCNG Penetrated Integrated Energy System

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