He–Ne laser accelerates seed germination by modulating growth hormones and reprogramming metabolism in brinjal

Abstract

A plant’s ability to maximize seed germination, growth, and photosynthetic productivity depends on its aptitude to sense, evaluate, and respond to the quality, quantity, and direction of the light. Among diverse colors of light possessing different wavelengths and red light shown to have a high impact on the photosynthetic and growth responses of the plants. The use of artificial light sources where the quality, intensity, and duration of exposure can be controlled would be an efficient method to increase the efficiency of the crop plants. The coherent, collimated, and monochromatic properties of laser light sources enabled as biostimulator compared to the normal light. The present study was attempted to use the potential role of the He–Ne laser as a bio-stimulator device to improve the germination and growth of brinjal and to investigate the possible interactions of plant and laser photons. A substantial enhancement was observed in germination index, germination time and seed vigor index of laser-irradiated than control groups. The enhanced germination rate was correlated with higher GA content and its biosynthetic genes whereas decreased ABA content and its catabolic genes and GA/ABA ratio were noted in laser-irradiated groups during seed germination than control groups. Further the expression of phytochrome gene transcripts, PhyA and PhyB1 were upregulated in laser-irradiated seedlings which correlate with enhanced seed germination than control. Elevated levels of primary metabolites were noted in the early stages of germination whereas modulation of secondary metabolites was observed in later growth. Consequently, significantly increased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate was perceived in laser-irradiated seedlings compare with control. The current study showed hormone and phytochrome-mediated mechanisms of seed germination in laser-irradiated groups along with the enhanced photosynthetic rate, primary and secondary metabolites.

Laser-Induced Changes in the gene expression, Growth and Development of Gladiolus grandiflorus cv. "White Prosperity"

“…wheat treated to UV-B light showed improved electron transport chain e ciency of the ability to biosynthesis photosynthetic pigments (Qiu et al, 2017 and Chen et al, 2014). Similar ndings suggested that laser exposure could affect the chlorophyll biosynthetic gene, which is primarily responsible for protochlorophyllide synthesis (Swathy et al, 2021;Shehata et al, 2023). Their investigation supported the ndings that laser activation of photosystems I and II in brinjal plants might enhance pigment production and improve photosynthetic rate.…”

Differential Gene Expression and Withanolides Biosynthesis During in vitro and ex vitro Growth of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal

“…The metabolites separation was performed using a 250 mm × 4.6 mm C18 column (Phenomenex-Luna) with mobile phases consisting of solvent A (0.1% FA in Milli-Q water) and solvent B (0.1% FA in acetonitrile). The injection volume of 8 μl was used with a 0.5-ml min –1 flow rate and 70 min run time through positive ESI mode in triplicates through gradient method and with maintained ion range ( Kiran et al, 2021 ; Swathy et al, 2021 ). Metabolites were identified using the Plantcyc online database based on their m/z values, and each compound was represented by its molecular formula, retention time, and mass error (≤ ± 30 ppm).…”

Impact of pre-sowing red laser irradiation of corn seeds on quality and quantity of harvest yield

“…The interaction mechanism between light and seed continues to be the subject of research (Zhao et al, 2022). Some authors attribute the effect of laser treatments on seeds to the fact that low-intensity red laser irradiation can signal phytochrome (Swathy et al, 2021). Phytochrome can regulate morphogenesis, comprising all light-dependent processes involved in plant growth and development (Balcerowicz et al, 2021;Hughes, 2013;Jiao et al, 2007;Quail, 2002;Van Buskirk et al, 2012).…”