Head circumference in ELBW babies is associated with learning difficulties and cognition but not ADHD in the school‐aged child

Stathis, Stephen; O’Callaghan, Michael; Harvey, Jacqueline M; Rogers, Yvonne

doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1999.tb00622.x

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…These studies found positive and significant correlations between HC, SA, IA, brain and parental HC; however, an absence of correlations between brain size, HC and intelligence has been reported in studies of monozygotic twins or in sisters (Tramo et al, 1998;Schoenemann et al, 2000). Other studies have concluded that head size at an early age is a good predictor of later intelligence, learning, cognition and concentration at school age (Botting et al, 1998;Strauss and Dietz, 1998;Stathis et al, 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Twelve-year follow-up study of the impact of nutritional status at the onset of elementary school on later educational situation of Chilean school-age children

et al. 2007

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Objective: To determine the impact of nutritional status in a multicausal approach of socio-economic, socio-cultural, family, intellectual, educational and demographic variables at the onset of elementary school in 1987 on the educational situation of these children in 1998, when they should have graduated from high school. Setting: Chile's Metropolitan Region. Design: Prospective, observational and 12-year follow-up study. Methods: A representative sample of 813 elementary first grade school-age children was randomly chosen in 1987. The sample was assessed in two cross-sectional studies. The first cross-sectional study was carried out in at the onset of elementary school in 1987 and the second was carried out in 1998, 12-years later, when they should be graduating from high school. In 1998, 632 adolescent students were located and their educational situation was registered (dropout, delayed, graduated and not located). At the onset of elementary school were determined the nutritional status, socio-economic status (SES), family characteristics, intellectual ability (IA), scholastic achievement (SA) and demographic variables. Statistical analysis included variance tests and Scheffe's test was used for comparison of means. Pearson correlation coefficients and logistic regression were used to establish the most important independent variables at the onset of elementary school in 1987 that affect the educational situation 1998. Data were analysed using the statistical analysis system (SAS). Results: Logistic regression revealed that SES, IA, SA and head circumference-for-age Z score at the onset of elementary school in 1987 were the independent variables with the greatest explanatory power in the educational situation of school-age children in 1998. Conclusions: These parameters at an early school age are good predictors of the educational situation later and these results can be useful for nutrition and educational planning in early childhood.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Twelve-year follow-up study of the impact of nutritional status at the onset of elementary school on later educational situation of Chilean school-age children

et al. 2007

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“…Similarly, Stathis et al 42 found that poor HC growth between birth and 4 months' CA was associated with impaired 6-year cognition in extremely low birth weight infants. Frisk et al 27 showed that cognition was better in the SGA infants with good postnatal HC growth than in SGA infants with a small HC at birth and at 9 months of age.…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 90%

Antenatal and Postnatal Growth and 5-Year Cognitive Outcome in Very Preterm Infants

Leppänen

Lapinleimu

Lind³

et al. 2014

Pediatrics

109

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Better postnatal growth, especially head growth, associates with better cognitive development in preterm infants. Suboptimal postnatal growth is more common in infants with poor antenatal growth than in infants with normal growth. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:Good weight gain and head circumference growth until 2 years was associated with better 5-year cognitive outcome in non-small for gestational age infants. Good head circumference growth around term age benefits the cognitive outcome of small for gestational age infants. abstract OBJECTIVES: To study how antenatal growth affects cognitive outcome in very preterm infants and to determine whether there is an association between growth in any particular time period between birth and 5 years of age and cognitive outcome. Small for gestational age (SGA) and non-SGA infants were analyzed separately, because antenatal growth may affect postnatal growth. and 2006 who were treated at Turku University Hospital (n = 181) were followed. Weight, length, and head circumference (HC) of the infants were measured at 9 time points between birth and 5 years. The growth was determined as a z score change between measurement points. Cognitive development was assessed at 5 years of age with the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of IntelligenceRevised. The association between growth and full-scale IQ (FSIQ) was studied. METHODS:RESULTS: Growth in length and height was not associated with 5-year cognitive outcome. However, weight (r = 0.18, P = .04) and HC growth (r = 0.25, P = .01) between birth and 2 years of corrected age correlated to FSIQ in non-SGA children. In SGA children, HC growth (r = 0.33, P = .03) around term age correlated to FSIQ. CONCLUSIONS:Cognitive outcome was similar in SGA and non-SGA very preterm infants. Growth affected cognition positively in both subgroups, but the critical time period was different. Drs Leppänen and Lind made substantial contributions to conception and design, acquired data, analyzed and interpreted data, and wrote and revised the manuscript; Drs Lapinleimu, Lehtonen, Haataja, and Rautava made substantial contributions to conception and design, analyzed and interpreted data, and wrote and revised the manuscript; Mr Matomäki carried out the statistical analyses, made substantial contributions to conception and design and interpretation of data, and wrote and revised the manuscript; and all authors approved the article to be published. www.pediatrics.org/cgi

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“…In addition, the transplacental transfer of maternal stress hormones, i.e., corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) and corticosterone, may affect fetal growth. Moreover, a single course of antenatal betamethasone reduces brain weight in the adult sheep (19) and head diameter in human neonates (2), a finding that has been associated with learning problems in school-age children (20). It is well known that reduced birth size is associated with an increased risk of disease in adulthood (21).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cognition- and Anxiety-Related Behavior, Synaptophysin and MAP2 Immunoreactivity in the Adult Rat Treated with a Single Course of Antenatal Betamethasone

et al. 2006

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ABSTRACT:We investigated the effects of a single course of antenatal betamethasone on cognition-and anxiety-related behavior and synaptophysin and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunoreactivity in the adult rat hippocampus. On d 20 of gestation, pregnant rats were injected with either 1) 170 g/kg body weight of betamethasone ("clinically equivalent dose," equivalent to 12 mg twice, 24 h apart); 2) half this dose; or 3) vehicle. Cognition-and anxiety-related behavior of the offspring was analyzed at an age of 5 mo using the Morris water maze, object recognition task, and open field test. Subsequently, synaptophysin and MAP2 immunoreactivity were measured in the hippocampus. We report no detrimental effects of antenatal betamethasone on cognition-and anxiety-related behavior and synaptophysin immunoreactivity in the adult rat. On the other hand, MAP2 immunoreactivity was decreased by betamethasone in males, suggesting a permanent impairment in the hippocampus. Interestingly, the lower dose appears to have less influence in terms of growth restriction, known to be associated with an increased risk of disease in adulthood. Further research might elucidate whether the betamethasone effect on hippocampal neurons persists later in life and could affect the aging process increasing the risk for neuropathology of the adult. A ntenatal glucocorticoids are widely used to prevent respiratory distress syndrome in case of threat of preterm delivery (1). Although beneficial for lung maturation, this treatment causes a wide range of side effects in humans, including a reduction in weight and head circumference at birth (2), and in impairment in both circulating glucocorticoid bioactivity (3) and cortisol response to stressors (4). Animal studies showed that antenatal glucocorticoids affect the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis (5), an impairment of which has been linked to the development of anxiety and mood disorders (6). Further, this treatment has been reported to reduce DNA content (7), cell proliferation rate (8), synaptic density (9), and neurotrophic factor concentrations within the neonatal brain (10) and induces neural degeneration within the developing hippocampus (11). However, little is known about the consequences for later life, in particular, the effects on cognition-and anxiety-related behavior are unclear (5,12).The presynaptic marker protein synaptophysin is a calciumbinding protein that plays an important role in the generation and maintenance of small vesicle membranes and their interaction with cytoskeletal elements. Decrease in the synaptophysin IR is associated with brain injury and aging, possibly reflecting functional disturbances of synaptic transmission (13). The neuronal MAP2 determines stability and arrangement of neuronal microtubules. Loss of MAP2 IR after brain injury correlates with neuronal degeneration (14) and is associated with age-related impairment of synaptic plasticity, cognition, and memory functions. Interestingly, both synaptophysin IR and MAP2 IR have been reported ...

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Head circumference in ELBW babies is associated with learning difficulties and cognition but not ADHD in the school‐aged child

Cited by 20 publications

References 32 publications

Twelve-year follow-up study of the impact of nutritional status at the onset of elementary school on later educational situation of Chilean school-age children

Twelve-year follow-up study of the impact of nutritional status at the onset of elementary school on later educational situation of Chilean school-age children

Antenatal and Postnatal Growth and 5-Year Cognitive Outcome in Very Preterm Infants

Cognition- and Anxiety-Related Behavior, Synaptophysin and MAP2 Immunoreactivity in the Adult Rat Treated with a Single Course of Antenatal Betamethasone

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