Headache research in 2023: advancing therapy and technology

Sacco, Simona; Ornello, Raffaele

doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(23)00450-7

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 10 publications

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“…Currently, the LLM has demonstrated potential in the medical field 23 , 24 , owing to its powerful natural language processing and generation capabilities 25 , 26 . However, the direct use of LMM is still limited by certain challenges, such as inaccurate responses or the generation of hallucinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPT-agents based on medical guidelines can improve the responsiveness and explainability of outcomes for traumatic brain injury rehabilitation

Zhenzhu,

Jingfeng,

Wei

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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This study explored the application of generative pre-trained transformer (GPT) agents based on medical guidelines using large language model (LLM) technology for traumatic brain injury (TBI) rehabilitation-related questions. To assess the effectiveness of multiple agents (GPT-agents) created using GPT-4, a comparison was conducted using direct GPT-4 as the control group (GPT-4). The GPT-agents comprised multiple agents with distinct functions, including “Medical Guideline Classification”, “Question Retrieval”, “Matching Evaluation”, “Intelligent Question Answering (QA)”, and “Results Evaluation and Source Citation”. Brain rehabilitation questions were selected from the doctor-patient Q&A database for assessment. The primary endpoint was a better answer. The secondary endpoints were accuracy, completeness, explainability, and empathy. Thirty questions were answered; overall GPT-agents took substantially longer and more words to respond than GPT-4 (time: 54.05 vs. 9.66 s, words: 371 vs. 57). However, GPT-agents provided superior answers in more cases compared to GPT-4 (66.7 vs. 33.3%). GPT-Agents surpassed GPT-4 in accuracy evaluation (3.8 ± 1.02 vs. 3.2 ± 0.96, p = 0.0234). No difference in incomplete answers was found (2 ± 0.87 vs. 1.7 ± 0.79, p = 0.213). However, in terms of explainability (2.79 ± 0.45 vs. 07 ± 0.52, p < 0.001) and empathy (2.63 ± 0.57 vs. 1.08 ± 0.51, p < 0.001) evaluation, the GPT-agents performed notably better. Based on medical guidelines, GPT-agents enhanced the accuracy and empathy of responses to TBI rehabilitation questions. This study provides guideline references and demonstrates improved clinical explainability. However, further validation through multicenter trials in a clinical setting is necessary. This study offers practical insights and establishes groundwork for the potential theoretical integration of LLM-agents medicine.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GPT-agents based on medical guidelines can improve the responsiveness and explainability of outcomes for traumatic brain injury rehabilitation

Zhenzhu,

Jingfeng,

Wei

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Semiconducting polymer dots for multifunctional integrated nanomedicine carriers

Zhang,

Yu,

et al. 2024

Materials Today Bio

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A call for academic pragmatic clinical trials to address open questions in migraine prevention

Sacco,

De Santis,

Onofri

et al. 2024

Cephalalgia

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The migraine treatment landscape has seen significant advancements in recent years, including the introduction of novel preventive agents specifically targeting the disease. These new treatments offer improved efficacy and tolerability, potentially addressing the issue of poor treatment adherence commonly observed with conventional preventatives. In this context, pragmatic trials emerge as a critical tool for advancing migraine care, offering a real-world approach to evaluating open clinical questions at the same time as avoiding the biases of real-world observational evidence. By prioritizing external validity and patient-centered outcomes, pragmatic trials provide valuable insights into the advantages of new treatments in improving migraine care. Possible applications of pragmatic trials in migraine research include head-to-head comparisons, evaluation of combination therapies, assessment of treatment sequences and switch, testing the added value of patient-reported outcomes, investigation of long-term effectiveness and on optimal treatment duration, understanding the role of preventive treatments in altering the course of migraine and preventing progression, and cost-effectiveness analyses. Pragmatic trials allow for the assessment of interventions in diverse patient populations and healthcare settings, enhancing the generalizability of findings and informing evidence-based clinical practice. As such, pragmatic trials represent an excellent tool to bridge the gap between placebo-controlled trials and real-world practice and should receive consideration for funding, especially by public institutions such as universities, national health services, and charities.

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Headache research in 2023: advancing therapy and technology

Cited by 3 publications

References 10 publications

GPT-agents based on medical guidelines can improve the responsiveness and explainability of outcomes for traumatic brain injury rehabilitation

GPT-agents based on medical guidelines can improve the responsiveness and explainability of outcomes for traumatic brain injury rehabilitation

Semiconducting polymer dots for multifunctional integrated nanomedicine carriers

A call for academic pragmatic clinical trials to address open questions in migraine prevention

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