Headspace-Low Water Absorption Trap Technique: Analysis of Low-Abundance Volatile Compounds from Fresh Artemisia Annua L. with GC–MS

Abstract

Conventional headspace (HS) method could not meet the requirement of analyzing low-abundance volatile compounds in high water content samples. A HS-low water absorption trap technique coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was introduced to remove the large amount of water vapor; therefore, the low-abundance volatile compounds could be detected with better analytical sensitivity. With this method, a total of 81 volatile compounds were identified from fresh Artemisia annua L. by mass spectral library search, retention index and accurate mass measurement, which could make the qualitative results more accurate and reliable. These compounds belonged to different species, including terpene, cycloparaffin, aliphatic aldehyde, aromatic ketone, aromatic aldehyde and so on. The 2,5,6-trimethyl-1,3,6-heptatriene (8.23%) was the most principal compound, followed by γ-muurolene (6.80%), β-caryophyllenea (6.24%), 1,8-cineol (5.76%), 2-carene (5.65%), borneol (5.57%), isocaryophyllene (4.91%), bornylene (4.78%), camphene (4.30%) and β-pinene (4.26%) as the main components. The results indicated that this method presents a great potential for the trace analysis of volatile compounds in complex high water content samples.

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“…It has been reported that the AALE was found to contain steroids and terpenoids, with several phyto-constituents screened by the GC-MS method [30]. For instance, 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,3,6-heptatriene was detected as a bioactive agent in AALE, which agreed with Liu et al (2022), who detected the same constituent as the main component in AALE [31]. Interestingly, in this study, three natural sesquiterpenes, βcaryophyllenea, α-Santonin, and spathulenol, were abundantly identified in AALE, which provide several biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, and anti-inflammatory effects [32][33][34].…”