Headspace solid-phase microextraction and on-fiber derivatization for the determination of 3-/2-MCPDE and GE in breast milk and infant formula by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Changes of the volatile compounds and odors in one-stage and three-stage infant formulas during their secondary shelf-life

“…The calculated RI values of unknown compounds were compared to the RI values searched from NIST20 library to identify these compounds. Absolute RI difference values less than 100 were retained ( Li et al, 2022 ). The quantitative results of the volatile compounds were expressed as the peak compound area to 4-methyl-2-pentanol (internal standard) ratio ( Lin et al, 2021 ).…”

Latest Improvements and Expanding Applications of Solid-Phase Microextraction

“…129 A rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly method has been proposed for simultaneous determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and glycidyl in breast milk and infant formula using HS-SPME and on fiber derivatization combined with GC-MS/MS. 130 There still exist challenging tasks that cannot be accomplished by SPME, and these require assistance from other pretreatment techniques. The amidation derivatization for biogenic amines and liquid−solid phase transition microextraction have been carried out simultaneously for food sample pretreatment.…”

“…The SPME arrow has exhibited better extraction performance than the traditional fiber, and the analytical method with low LODs has been developed coupling the SPME arrow with GC-MS for the quantification of pyrazines in the oil samples . A rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly method has been proposed for simultaneous determination of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol and glycidyl in breast milk and infant formula using HS-SPME and on fiber derivatization combined with GC-MS/MS …”

Occurrence, formation mechanism, detection methods, and removal approaches for chloropropanols and their esters in food: An updated systematic review

“…Existing determination methods for chloropropanols include chromatography, electro-chemical methods, and optical analysis; each have distinct qualitative and quantitative mechanisms ( Chi et al, 2022 , Custodio-Mendoza et al, 2018 , Li et al, 2022 , Martin et al, 2021 , Cheng et al, 2022 , Chen et al, 2022 , Nemati et al, 2021 , Yaman et al, 2021 , Zhao et al, 2012 ).…”