Health benefits of orally administered anti-IL-10 antibody in milk-fed dairy calves

Abstract

The primary objective of this randomized controlled trial was to determine whether anti-IL-10 egg yolk antibodies fed upon arrival to a calf ranch would lower the prevalence of Cryptosporidium parvum shedding in naturally challenged preweaned dairy calves. The secondary objectives included measuring the effect of anti-IL-10 antibodies on calf health, performance, and shedding of less common diarrheal pathogens. A total of 133 calves, enrolled at 24 to 72 h of age, received a daily dose of 0.96 g of egg yolk powder with anti-IL-10 antibodies (MAB, n = 71) or without anti-IL-10 antibodies (MEP, n = 62) split between 2 feedings for the first 11 d on feed at a calf ranch. Daily health evaluations were completed for 15 d after arrival and on d 56. Digital weights were collected at enrollment and d 56, and hipometer weights were collected at enrollment and d 7 and 56. Packed cell volume and serum total protein concentration were measured at enrollment and on d 7 and 14. Fecal pH was measured at enrollment and on d 5 and 14, and fecal pathogen (C. parvum, coronavirus, rotavirus, and Salmonella spp.) shedding was assessed at d 5 and 14. Continuous outcomes were compared between groups using a Student's t-test or Wilcoxon rank sum test. Fecal pathogen shedding at d 14, respiratory disease at d 56, and antibiotic usage were compared using relative risk (RR) and chi-squared test. Fecal pH (median and interquartile range) on d 14 was 6.65 (6.39-6.99) and 6.52 (5.97-6.81) for MAB and MEP, respectively. On d 56, the risk of respiratory disease was lower for MAB compared with MEP (RR = 0.40; confidence interval = 0.16-0.99). The risk for antibiotic treatment was lower for MAB- compared with MEP-treated calves (RR = 0.38; confidence interval = 0.17-0.88). The risk of shedding rotavirus was higher in MAB (RR = 1.38; confidence interval = 1.10-1.81) calves. After multivariable analyses, hipometer weights (least squares means ± standard error) were 1.7 ± 0.8 kg greater on d 56 in MAB compared with MEP; however, ADG was 0.04 ± 0.02 kg/d lower in MAB calves. Total health score, diarrhea days, average respiratory score, packed cell volume, and serum total protein were not affected by feeding anti-IL-10 egg antibodies. In summary, feeding anti-IL-10 antibodies was associated with increased fecal pH, reduced risk of respiratory disease later in the preweaning period, and decreased antibiotic usage despite higher rotavirus infection. These findings might be associated with improved mucosal immunity, enhanced host defenses, or reduced susceptibility and warrant further investigation.

Effects of dietary methionine plus cysteine levels on growth performance and intestinal antibody production in broilers during Eimeria challenge

“…The current study also demonstrated dietary SID M+C levels had no effects on intestinal luminal levels of IL-10, an immune suppression cytokine that may thwart the development of host immunity against viruses, bacteria and helminths (Collier et al, 2008 ; Cyktor and Joanne, 2011 ). We have previously shown that an oral antibody to IL-10 can reduce the growth suppression caused by Eimeria infection (Arendt et al, 2016 ; Sand et al, 2016 ; Raabis et al, 2018 ). The current results indicate that IL-10 is not involved in the sulfur amino acids-derived effects on growth performance and intestinal anti- Eimeria IgA concentrations.…”

Severity detection for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients using a machine learning model based on the blood and urine tests

“…So it would be interesting to investigate the underlining mechanism of how the serum sodium may induce the COVID-19 severeness. The feature “Urine | PH(Urine)” is the pH level in the urine, and quite a few investigations observed the aberrant pH levels in the body fluid or fecal matter of the coronavirus-infected animals [54,55]. Although the urine pH level was not investigated in the coronavirus-infected animals, this may be worth of an investigation.…”

The immunomodulatory activity of secnidazole–nitazoxanide in a murine cryptosporidiosis model

“…The reduction of the IL-10 level may be due to the decrease of parasite load in the intestine. The recovery from C. parvum was reported to be associated with the downregulation of IL-10 levels, as prolonged IL-10 production leads to a slow recovery rate [70, 71]. Hence, the present result may suggest that both a Th1 and a Th2 immune response are essential for effective control the C. parvum infection, with the Th1 response occurring first, followed by a balanced Th1 and Th2 response.…”