Health risk estimation of metals bioaccumulated in commercial fish from coastal areas and rivers in Bangladesh

Heavy Metals in the Fish Tenualosa ilisha Hamilton, 1822 in the Padma–Meghna River Confluence: Potential Risks to Public Health

“…Pb concentration in different organs of bottom feeders Channa striatus (302.56-1243.23) [33] in the areas connected with a contaminated site far from our study site were 10 to 20 orders of magnitude higher than our pelagic feeder T. ilisha. However, Pb content in T. ilisha from the Bay of Bengal [31], different coastal waters of Bangladesh [32], and other native edible fishes from around our study site [6,28,34,35], India [36], Myanmar [44], Iraqi river [45], Shatt Al Arab river [46], and the Persian Gulf [48] was similar to the present findings following the limit national and international guidelines [73][74][75].…”

“…In addition, the average Zn content was below the guidelines provided by the California Environmental Protection Agency (CEPA) [74] and the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock (MOFL) [75], respectively (Table 2). The Zn concentrations in the present study varied from the other riverine areas of Bangladesh [27,32,36], India [41], China [47], and Iraq [84], but were within the guidelines, except in Amblypharyngodon mola in the Sundarbans mangrove (Bangladesh) which exceeded all the guidelines (Table 2) [35]. Shorelines as occupied with abundant plankton due to continuous runoff, smaller sizes of T. ilisha might intake high content of Zn through feeding.…”

“…The plausible discussion, therefore, was made with other fish species. Muscles, livers, intestines, gills, and livers of native edible fishes (other than T. ilisha) in different fresh and coastal waters in Bangladesh [28,31,32,[34][35][36], Iraqi marine water [45], and the Persian Gulf [48], contained Cu levels within the safety limits. However, their values varied from organ to organ and habitat changes.…”

“…Unlike T. ilisha, other fishes in different parts of the Meghna river areas particularly polluted areas of Bangladesh also showed the extraordinary Cr content [33,35]. However, Cr content was below the detected limit from the Bay of Bengal [31], Pathorghata, Cox's Bazar, Pirojpur, Padma, and Jamuna River (Bangladesh) [32], India [42] and China [47]. In addition, Cr crossed the guidelines in the studied fishes from Sundarbans (Bangladesh) and Indian Ganga basin [35,42] and Tigris River, Iraq [84].…”

“…However, these riparian ecosystems are being polluted by several sources (above mentioned) and consumer safety has become a major issue. Although several studies have been reported on HMs and possible health risks in Bangladesh in T. ilisha and other fishes [6,[25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], none of the studies correlated the HMs concentrations concerning body size. HMs content in freshwater fishes (Channa striatus, Clupisoma garua, Glossogobius giuris and Heteropneustes fossilis) organs such as liver, gills, and muscles were determined in the Meghna River, Gazaria Upazila (near Dhaka city) [33] and the Buriganga River, Dhaka, Bangladesh, respectively [34].…”