Heart failure in people with type 2 diabetes vs. those without diabetes: A retrospective observational study from South India

Prevalence of cardiac abnormalities and heart failure in unselected out-patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and associated clinical factors: Real-world evidence from an Indian registry

“… 25 Another study from South India reported a much higher prevalence of HFpEF in patients with HF and T2DM (91.2 % versus 43.5 %) compared to patients with HF and without T2DM. 24 The higher proportion of HFmrEF and HFrEF across the HF subgroups in these studies could be due to the inclusion of patients with or without T2DM and HF while we excluded the patients with previously diagnosed HF, CAD, or prior incidence of myocardial infarction. In this study, we determined the prevalence of HF based on the BNP levels.…”

“…Moreover, LVDD was significantly associated with ethnicity, insulin therapy, the presence of hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in individuals with T2DM without CAD history. 24 Screening of patients with T2DM for timely identification of LV dysfunction is crucial, as it can preclude the eventual development of overt HF. Hence, the detection of LV dysfunction among those without prior CVD may help in reducing morbidity and mortality among patients with T2DM.…”

“… 36 Although the study demonstrated a negligible but statistically significant association between HF and age ( C = 0.220; p < 0.0001), 30 % of the patients belonged to the age group of 61–70 years. A retrospective, observational study from India reported that patients with T2DM and HF were significantly older (58.9 ± 9.2 years versus 49.5 ± 9.3 years; p < 0.001) and had a higher prevalence of hypertension (73.3 % versus 54.0 %; p = 0.003) compared to those with T2DM and without HF, 24 similar to our study where a majority of patients had hypertension (78.6 %) as a comorbid condition. However, we have excluded patients with any cardiovascular history.…”

“… 20 Despite the high burden, HF largely remains undiagnosed in patients with diabetes. 21 Many Indian studies have determined the prevalence of either systolic/diastolic LV dysfunction or HF in patients with and without T2DM 22 , 23 , 24 and assessed the real-world scenario of clinical profile and clinical practice among patients with HF. 25 , 26 However, there is a scarcity of robust large-scale studies evaluating the prevalence of early stages of HF in patients with T2DM, particularly in India.…”