Heat adaptation measures in private households: an application and adaptation of the protective action decision model

Abstract

Extreme heatwaves will occur more frequently and with higher intensity in future. Their consequences for human health can be fatal if adaptation measures will not be taken. This study analyses factors related to heat adaptation measures in private households in Germany. During the summer months of 2019, indoor temperatures were measured in over 500 private households in the City of Augsburg, Germany, accompanied by a survey to find out about heat perception and adaptation measures. Hypotheses deducted from the Protective Action Decision Model were tested using one-way ANOVAs, regression analysis and in the end a multiple hierarchical regression model. The results of the hypotheses tested imply an influence of knowledge and heat risk perception of heat adaptation behaviour and an influence of age on heat risk perception. The results of the regression model show an influence of the efficacy-related attribute, of age, indoor temperature, subjective heat stress and health implications to heat adaptation behaviour. In the end, this study proposes adjustments to the PADM according to the results of the hierarchical regression analysis.

Public Awareness of Consumer Products Containing Radioactive Materials: Empirical Evidence from Malaysia

“…In this research context, the risk perception represents unnecessary radiation exposure in which consumers should be encouraged to seek pertinent information in order to make an informed purchasing decision [ 24 ]. Risk perception constructs were based on previous studies [ 23 ] and are part of the PADM [ 36 ]. Risk perception usually originates from prior experience; therefore, the initial product knowledge and radioactive safety knowledge are included to predict consumers’ behavioural response [ 37 ].…”

The Use of the Health Belief Model in the Context of Heatwaves Research: A Rapid Review

“…43,47 Six studies 38,[41][42][43][44]47 integrated the HBM across all phases of their research, including problem formulation, objective establishment, and methodology, as well as data interpretation, and more. Lastly, apart from a single study, 48 the HBM model played a pivotal role in shaping the findings of the reviewed articles. Supplementary Table (Level of fidelity to the theory of the included articles) provides an overview of the level of fidelity to the theory of the articles included in this review.…”

“…41 Likewise, 4 studies used the HBM along with other models and theories in measuring adaptation behaviors toward heatwaves. 42,43,48,49 Beckman et al used the HBM model to measure heatwave risk perception among private household owners. Grothmann et al used the HBM constructs along with other theories such as Protection Motivation Theory (PMT) and Norm-Activation Theory (NAT), to develop targeted communication formats to change behaviors.…”

“…The analysis of the fidelity of original studies to the HBM revealed that all studies except 2 were either guided by or grounded in the principles of the HBM. 42,48 Two studies implemented the HBM in its complete and original form. 43,47 Six studies 38,[41][42][43][44]47 integrated the HBM across all phases of their research, including problem formulation, objective establishment, and methodology, as well as data interpretation, and more.…”

Responses to heat waves: what can Twitter data tell us?

“…A limited number of studies have collected primary data on heat adaptation through surveys (e.g. Hatvani-Kovacs et al 2016;Rauf et al 2017;Zander et al 2018;Beckmann et al 2021).…”