Heat-flux control and solid-state cooling by regulating chemical potential of photons in near-field electromagnetic heat transfer

Chen, Kaifeng; Santhanam, Parthiban; Sandhu, Sunil; Zhu, Linxiao; Fan, Shanhui

doi:10.1103/physrevb.91.134301

Cited by 131 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Such an approach has already been used to deal with near-field heat transfer between two semiconductors [69,70]. The starting point is the cross-spectral density of the current density due to the electrons and holes [71] given by W j n ;j m ðr;r 0 ;ωÞ ¼2ωϵ 0 Im½ϵ ib ðr 0 ;ω;μÞΘ½T;ω;μδðr−r 0 Þδ nm ;…”

Section: A Current Density Fluctuationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Emission by Nonequilibrium Bodies: Local Kirchhoff Law

et al. 2018

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The goal of this paper is to introduce a local form of Kirchhoff law to model light emission by nonequilibrium bodies. While absorption by a finite-size body is usually described using the absorption cross section, we introduce a local absorption rate per unit volume and also a local thermal emission rate per unit volume. Their equality is a local form of Kirchhoff law. We revisit the derivation of this equality and extend it to situations with subsystems in local thermodynamic equilibrium but not in equilibrium between them, such as hot electrons in a metal or electrons with different Fermi levels in the conduction band and in the valence band of a semiconductor. This form of Kirchhoff law can be used to model (i) thermal emission by nonisothermal finite-size bodies, (ii) thermal emission by bodies with carriers at different temperatures, and (iii) spontaneous emission by semiconductors under optical (photoluminescence) or electrical pumping (electroluminescence). Finally, we show that the reciprocity relation connecting light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells derived by Rau is a particular case of the local Kirchhoff law.

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Section: A Current Density Fluctuationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light Emission by Nonequilibrium Bodies: Local Kirchhoff Law

et al. 2018

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“…As one of the fundamental modes of heat transfer, radiative heat transfer plays an important role in a wide spectrum of applications from energy harvesting to thermal management [1][2][3][4][5]. In the far field, the maximum radiative heat transfer rate between two objects is restricted by the black-body limit.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Near-field heat transfer between graphene/hBN multilayers

et al. 2017

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We study the radiative heat transfer between multilayer structures made by a periodic repetition of a graphene sheet and a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) slab. Surface plasmons in a monolayer graphene can couple with a hyperbolic phonon polaritons in a single hBN film to form hybrid polaritons that can assist photon tunneling. For periodic multilayer graphene/hBN structures, the stacked metallic/dielectric array can give rise to a further effective hyperbolic behavior, in addition to the intrinsic natural hyperbolic behavior of hBN. The effective hyperbolicity can enable more hyperbolic polaritons that enhance the photon tunneling and hence the near-field heat transfer. However, the hybrid polaritons on the surface, i.e. surface plasmon-phonon polaritons, dominate the near-field heat transfer between multilayer structures when the topmost layer is graphene. The effective hyperbolic regions can be well predicted by the effective medium theory (EMT), thought EMT fails to capture the hybrid surface polaritons and results in a heat transfer rate much lower compared to the exact calculation. The chemical potential of the graphene sheets can be tuned through electrical gating and results in an additional modulation of the heat transfer. We found that the near-field heat transfer between multilayer structure does not increase monotonously with the number of layer in the stack, which provides a way to control the heat transfer rate by the number of graphene layers in the multilayer structure. The results may benefit the applications of near-field energy harvesting and radiative cooling based on hybrid polaritons in two-dimensional materials.

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“…This offers many interesting technological applications, including thermal radiation scanning tunneling microscopy [243][244][245][246], high-resolution thermal lithography [89], and heatassisted magnetic recording [247][248][249], where nanoscale thermal emitters are used to heat a magnetic recording medium. The progress in this field will also benefit optical refrigeration and photon up-conversion applications, where the figure of merit can be improved by using the near-field fluorescence extraction mechanism [220,250]. Continued progress in materials engineering is also essential for the development of new material platforms with optical properties tuned to yield high photon DOS at various frequencies from the visible to the far-IR [171,[251][252][253].…”

Section: Progress and Challenges In Materials Engineering And Fabricamentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat meets light on the nanoscale

et al. 2016

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Abstract:We discuss the state-of-the-art and remaining challenges in the fundamental understanding and technology development for controlling light-matter interactions in nanophotonic environments in and away from thermal equilibrium. The topics covered range from the basics of the thermodynamics of light emission and absorption to applications in solar thermal energy generation, thermophotovoltaics, optical refrigeration, personalized cooling technologies, development of coherent incandescent light sources, and spinoptics.Keywords: thermal emission; absorption; spectral selectivity; angular selectivity; optical refrigeration; solar thermal energy conversion; thermophotovoltaics; nearfield heat transfer; photon density of states; thermal upconversion; radiative cooling Thermodynamics of light and heatControl and optimization of energy conversion processes involving photon absorption and radiation require detailed understanding of thermodynamic properties of radiation as well as its interaction with matter [1-5]. Historically, thermodynamic treatment of electromagnetic radiation began over a century ago with Planck applying the thermodynamic principles established for a gas of material particles to an analogous "photon gas" [1]. In particular, he showed that thermodynamic parameters, such as the energy, volume, temperature, and pressure can be applied to electromagnetic radiation, reflecting the dual wave-particle nature of photons. In this section, we will review the general thermodynamic principles governing photon propagation and interaction with matter, as well

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Heat-flux control and solid-state cooling by regulating chemical potential of photons in near-field electromagnetic heat transfer

Cited by 131 publications

References 47 publications

Light Emission by Nonequilibrium Bodies: Local Kirchhoff Law

Light Emission by Nonequilibrium Bodies: Local Kirchhoff Law

Near-field heat transfer between graphene/hBN multilayers

Heat meets light on the nanoscale

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