Heat-killed probiotic bacteria differentially regulate colonic epithelial cell production of human β-defensin-2: dependence on inflammatory cytokines

Habil, Neama; Abate, Wondwossen; Beal, J. D.; Foey, Andrew

doi:10.3920/bm2013.0061

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Lactic acid bacteria have been used in many fermented foods around the world and are well adapted to human life. Several strains of lactic acid bacteria have been reported to induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides . In addition, we have revealed that the upregulation of β‐defensin by L. helveticus is higher than other Lactobacillus species in vitro (unpublished data).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Several strains of lactic acid bacteria have been reported to induce the expression of antimicrobial peptides. [13][14][15] In addition, we have revealed that the upregulation of β-defensin by L. helveticus is higher than other Lactobacillus species in vitro (unpublished data). For these reasons, dietary intake of LH2171 is considered suitable for upregulating the expression of β-defensins.…”

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confidence: 80%

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Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 upregulates the expression of β‐defensin and ameliorates periodontal disease caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis

Kobatake

Kobayashi

Kabuki

et al. 2019

Microbiology and Immunology

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Antimicrobial peptides play important roles in the innate immune system of various organisms, and they may also be considered to prevent the organisms from infections. In particular, β‐defensins, mainly produced in epithelial cells, are recognized as one of the major antimicrobial peptides in mammals, including humans. In this study, we showed that Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 (LH2171), one of the several species of lactic acid bacteria, upregulates the production of β‐defensins in oral epithelial cells in vitro. Moreover, LH2171 reduced the increase of proinflammatory cytokine expression, induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis stimulation, in gingival epithelial cells. These data suggested that LH2171 suppresses P. gingivalis‐induced inflammation by upregulating the expression of β‐defensins in gingival epithelial cells. We subsequently investigated the effects of LH2171 in vivo and revealed that β‐defensin expression was increased in the oral cavities of LH2171‐fed mice. Furthermore, LH2171 decreased alveolar bone loss, gingival inflammation, and amounts of P. gingivalis‐specific 16S ribosomal RNA in the gingiva of P. gingivalis‐inoculated mice. Taken together, our results showed that LH2171 upregulates the expression of β‐defensins in oral cavity, thereby decreasing the number of P. gingivalis consequently ameliorating the experimental periodontal disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

mentioning

confidence: 80%

Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 upregulates the expression of β‐defensin and ameliorates periodontal disease caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis

Kobatake

Kobayashi

Kabuki

et al. 2019

Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Accordingly, an increase in the antimicrobial activity of the intestinal fluids that lead to a breakdown of the bacteria was observed by using electronic microscopy. Habil et al [37] concluded that probiotic strains differentially regulate human beta 2 defensin mRNA expression and protein secretion. These modulations were guided by inflammatory stimulus and cytokine environment.…”

Section: Mechanisms Induced By Probiotics To Stimulate the Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System

Galdeano¹,

Cazorla²,

Dumit³

et al. 2019

Ann Nutr Metab

549

219

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Background: The gastrointestinal tract is one of the most microbiologically active ecosystems that plays a crucial role in the working of the mucosal immune system (MIS). In this ecosystem, the consumed probiotics stimulate the immune system and induce a network of signals mediated by the whole bacteria or their cell wall structure. This review is aimed at describing the immunological mechanisms of probiotics and their beneficial effects on the host. Summary: Once administered, oral probiotic bacteria interact with the intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) or immune cells associated with the lamina propria, through Toll-like receptors, and induce the production of different cytokines or chemokines. Macrophage chemoattractant protein 1, produced by the IECs, sends signals to other immune cells leading to the activation of the MIS, characterized by an increase in immunoglobulin A⁺ cells of the intestine, bronchus and mammary glands, and the activation of T cells. Specifically, probiotics activate regulatory T cells that release IL-10. Interestingly, probiotics reinforce the intestinal barrier by an increase of the mucins, the tight junction proteins and the Goblet and Paneth cells. Another proposed mechanism of probiotics is the modulation of intestinal microbiota by maintaining the balance and suppressing the growth of potential pathogenic bacteria in the gut. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that long-term probiotics consumption does not affect the intestinal homeostasis. The viability of probiotics is crucial in the interaction with IECs and macrophages favoring, mainly, the innate immune response. Macrophages and Dendritic cells (DCs) play an important role in this immune response without inducing an inflammatory pattern, just a slight increase in the cellularity of the lamina propria. Besides, as part of the machinery that probiotics activate to protect against different pathogens, an increase in the microbicidal activity of peritoneal and spleen macrophages has been reported. In malnutrition models, such as undernourishment and obesity, probiotic was able to increase the intestinal and systemic immune response. Furthermore, probiotics contribute to recover the histology of both the intestine and the thymus damaged in these conditions. Probiotic bacteria are emerging as a safe and natural strategy for allergy prevention and treatment. Different mechanisms such as the generation of cytokines from activated pro-T-helper type 1, which favor the production of IgG instead of IgE, have been proposed. Key Messages: Probiotic bacteria, their cell walls or probiotic fermented milk have significant effects on the functionality of the mucosal and systemic immune systems through the activation of multiple immune mechanisms.

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“…Gut microbes have been shown to differentially regulate defensin expression and protein secretion, which is influenced by local inflammatory mediators. 36 Metabolites from the microbiome induce epithelial cell inflammasome signaling, resulting in IL-18 secretion and antimicrobial peptide production. 37 Interestingly, host genetic deficiency in this pathway results in dysbiosis, and this dysbiotic microbiome can hijack the microbiome of wildtype animals.…”

Section: Innate Immune Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiome–Host Immune System Interactions

Smolińska

O’Mahony

2016

Semin Liver Dis

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The intestinal immune system recognizes and responds to the vast diversity of microbes present within the gut. Highly sophisticated cellular and molecular networks are continuously coordinated to tolerate the presence of a large number and diversity of bacteria on mucosal surfaces. Different types of bacteria induce different immune responses, and bacterial metabolism of dietary factors generates metabolites that have significant effects on host immune responses. Dendritic cells, epithelial cells, innate lymphoid cells, T-regulatory cells, effector lymphocytes, natural killer T cells, and B-cell responses can all be influenced by the microbiome. Many of the mechanisms being described are bacterial strain or metabolite-specific. A better understanding of the mechanisms governing microbiome-host immune responses will likely lead to novel therapeutics for inflammatory disorders.

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Heat-killed probiotic bacteria differentially regulate colonic epithelial cell production of human β-defensin-2: dependence on inflammatory cytokines

Cited by 53 publications

References 39 publications

Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 upregulates the expression of β‐defensin and ameliorates periodontal disease caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis

Lactobacillus helveticus SBT2171 upregulates the expression of β‐defensin and ameliorates periodontal disease caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis

Beneficial Effects of Probiotic Consumption on the Immune System

Microbiome–Host Immune System Interactions

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