“…Azimuthally polarized beams achieve higher axial trapping efficiency and lower photodamage than linearly polarized Gaussian beams when used for optical trapping of individual RBCs ( Yu et al, 2020 ). Moreover, many indirect-based cell manipulation strategies have been developed to significantly avoid photodamage to the target cell ( Chowdhury et al, 2013a ; Xie et al, 2018b ; Stoev et al, 2021 ; Chen et al, 2022 ). Previous reports suggesting that the photodamage can be totally eliminated for pushing-based cell manipulation, as opposed to occurrence rates of 67 and 33% for direct trapping and tool attachment or gripping, respectively, ( Chowdhury et al, 2013b ; Banerjee et al, 2014 ).…”