Heat stress and β-adrenergic agonists alter the adipose transcriptome and fatty acid mobilization in ruminant livestock1

Reith, Rachel R; Sieck, Renae L; Grijalva, Pablo C; Duffy, Erin M; Swanson, Rebecca M; Fuller, Anna; Beede, Kristin A; Beard, J. B.; Diaz, D. E.; Schmidt, Ty B; Yates, Dustin T; Petersen, Jessica L.

doi:10.1093/tas/txaa122

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Circulating concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, prolactin, vasopressin, and cytokines have all been shown to be elevated in response to chronic heat stress [ 29 , 31 , 38 , 39 , 40 ]. Moreover, tissue sensitivity to stress hormones can be increased following sustained periods of heat stress [ 41 , 42 ]. The increased tone of stress hormones in turn affects a broad range of metabolic hormones.…”

Section: The Impact Of Heat Stress In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These and other intake-independent changes in tissue growth during heat stress are associated with altered gene expression. Indeed, the expression for stress response mediators such as c-Fos, acute-phase proteins, RNA binding proteins, adrenergic signaling components, and protein ubiquitination was greater in muscle and fat tissues from heat-stressed lambs [ 41 , 42 ]. However, not all changes in gene expression are negative.…”

Section: The Impact Of Heat Stress In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Inflammatory Mediation of Heat Stress-Induced Growth Deficits in Livestock and Its Potential Role as a Target for Nutritional Interventions: A Review

Most

Yates

2021

Animals

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Heat stress is detrimental to well-being and growth performance in livestock, and systemic inflammation arising during chronic heat stress contributes to these poor outcomes. Sustained exposure of muscle and other tissues to inflammation can impair the cellular processes that facilitate muscle growth and intramuscular fat deposition, thus reducing carcass quality and yield. Climate change is expected to produce more frequent extreme heat events, increasing the potential impact of heat stress on sustainable livestock production. Feedlot animals are at particularly high risk for heat stress, as confinement limits their ability to seek cooling from the shade, water, or breeze. Economically practical options to circumvent heat stress in feedlot animals are limited, but understanding the mechanistic role of inflammation in heat stress outcomes may provide the basis for treatment strategies to improve well-being and performance. Feedlot animals receive formulated diets daily, which provides an opportunity to administer oral nutraceuticals and other bioactive products to mitigate heat stress-induced inflammation. In this review, we examine the complex associations between heat stress, systemic inflammation, and dysregulated muscle growth in meat animals. We also present evidence for potential nutraceutical and dietary moderators of inflammation and how they might improve the unique pathophysiology of heat stress.

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Section: The Impact Of Heat Stress In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Impact Of Heat Stress In Livestockmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inflammatory Mediation of Heat Stress-Induced Growth Deficits in Livestock and Its Potential Role as a Target for Nutritional Interventions: A Review

Most

Yates

2021

Animals

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“…Zilpaterol can produce certain effects on β-adrenergic receptors of skeletal muscles and smooth muscles of the bronchi, uterus, heart, vessels and other organs [5][6][7][8]. Adverse effects on the human body caused by zilpaterol intake are associated with its pharmacological activity and can involve influence on the cardiovascular system (CVS) (with developing heart failure and future decrease in life expectancy at birth [9][10][11][12]), respiratory system, nervous system and also produce some systemic effects (a rise in the body tem-perature in particular) [13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

On sufficient substantiation for maximum permissible level of zilpaterol in meat products

Zelenkin¹,

Shur²,

Kiryanov³

et al. 2022

Health Risk Analysis

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The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee recommends the maximum permissible level of zilpaterol in meat to be fixed at 0.5 µg/kg. This level is substantiated by results of analysis described in several research works. Nevertheless, substantiation provided for this recommended standard requires a detailed discussion. In this study, we aimed to analyze substantiation of FAO/WHO suggestions on the maximum permissible level (MPL) of zilpaterol in meat as per health risks for consumers. Our analysis of research results revealed that the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) and the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) were established allowing for negative effects on various organs and systems in the body. The lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) under acute exposure was taken as a baseline for establishing MPL. This level produces negative effects on the nervous system (developing tremor). However, modifying factors used in MPL development have not been supported with solid argument. We also established that the LOAEL identified for the nervous system under acute exposure was much lower than NOAELs for other organs and systems under chronic exposure. Therefore, the aforementioned research results seem rather controversial. It is necessary to consider another additional factor, which is wide prevalence of cardiovascular diseases among adult population and risk factors that cause their development. Therefore, potential adverse effects on the cardiovascular system are no less important and we should note that they have been reliably detected both in acute and chronic experiments. In this study, we modeled a health risk caused by adverse effects of consuming meat products with residual zilpaterol levels; the risk was modeled in dynamics. The modeling experiment established that an impermissible health risk of adverse health outcomes in the cardiovascular system occurred even under exposure to zilpaterol in levels close to the lowest limit of sensitivity. Consequently, it seems rather premature to accept the maximum permissible level for zilpaterol in meat that is being suggested at present. It is recommended to cut its level down to the lowest limit of detection.

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Transcriptome analyses indicate that heat stress-induced inflammation in white adipose tissue and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle is partially moderated by zilpaterol supplementation in beef cattle

Reith

Sieck

Grijalva

et al. 2022

Journal of Animal Science

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Heat stress (HS) triggers oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and disrupts growth efficiency of livestock. β-adrenergic agonists supplemented to ruminant livestock improve growth performance, increase skeletal muscle mass and decrease carcass fat. The objective of this study was to understand the independent and interacting effects of HS and zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZH) supplementation on the transcriptome of subcutaneous white adipose tissue and the longissimus dorsi muscle in steers. Twenty-four Red Angus-based steers were assigned to thermoneutral (TN; Temperature Humidity Index (THI)=68) or HS (THI=73-85) conditions and were not supplemented or supplemented with ZH (8.33 mg/kg/day) for 21 d in a 2x2 factorial. Steers in the TN condition were pair-fed to the average daily feed intake of HS steers. RNA was isolated from adipose tissue and skeletal muscle samples collected via biopsy on 3, 10, and 21 d and sequenced using 3’ Tag-Seq to an achieved average depth of 3.6 million reads/sample. Transcripts, mapped to ARS-UCD1.2, were quantified. Differential expression (DE) analyses were performed in DESeq2 with a significance threshold for false discovery rate of 0.05. In adipose, 4 loci (MISP3, APOL6, SLC25A4, S100A12) were DE due to ZH on d 3, and 2 (RRAD, ALB) were DE due to the interaction of HS and ZH on d 10 (Padj<0.05). In muscle, 40 loci (including TENM4 and OAZ1) were DE due to ZH on d 10 and 6 loci (HIF1A, LOC101903734, PDZD9, HNRNPU, MTUS1, TMCO6) were DE due to environment on d 21 (Padj<0.05). To explore biological pathways altered by environment, supplement, and their interaction, loci with DE (Praw<0.05) were evaluated in Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. In adipose, 509 pathways were predicted to be altered (P<0.01): 202 due to HS, 126 due to ZH, and 181 due to the interaction; these included inflammatory pathways predicted to be upregulated due to HS but downregulated due to the interaction of HS and ZH. In muscle, 113 pathways were predicted to be altered (P<0.01): 23 due to HS, 66 due to ZH, and 24 due to the interaction of HS and ZH. Loci and pathway data in muscle suggest HS induced oxidative stress and that the stress response was moderated by ZH. Metabolic pathways were predicted to be altered due to HS, ZH, and their interaction in both tissues. These data provide evidence that HS and ZH interact to alter expression of genes in metabolic and immune function pathways and that ZH moderates some adverse effects of HS.

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Heat stress and β-adrenergic agonists alter the adipose transcriptome and fatty acid mobilization in ruminant livestock1

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Inflammatory Mediation of Heat Stress-Induced Growth Deficits in Livestock and Its Potential Role as a Target for Nutritional Interventions: A Review

Inflammatory Mediation of Heat Stress-Induced Growth Deficits in Livestock and Its Potential Role as a Target for Nutritional Interventions: A Review

On sufficient substantiation for maximum permissible level of zilpaterol in meat products

Transcriptome analyses indicate that heat stress-induced inflammation in white adipose tissue and oxidative stress in skeletal muscle is partially moderated by zilpaterol supplementation in beef cattle

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