“…Most of these problems are traced to specific areas of engineering, namely, the sciences, economics, and social sciences. Recently, several studies have investigated the performance of CG methods on different application problems, such as robotic motion control, compressive sensing, fuzzy nonlinear problems, and inverse heat transformation problems (see Umar et al, 2020;Sulaiman et al, 2022bSulaiman et al, , 2022cRazzaq et al, 2020;. This section examines the inverse heat transformation problem.…”