Heat transfer and particulate flow analysis of a 30 kW directly irradiated solar fluidized bed reactor for thermochemical cycling

Bellan, Selvan; Kodama, Tetsuya; Matsubara, Koji; Gokon, Nobuyuki; Cho, Hyun‐Seok; Inoue, Kousuke

doi:10.1016/j.ces.2018.09.012

Cited by 28 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…FBs have been employed for solar energy applications, considering configurations operating in bubbling, spouted, circulating regimes (see Table 1, Types A-C "ordinary" configurations), and special and novel designs (Types D-J). Early studies successfully pioneered the application of ordinary FBs operated in the bubbling (Flamant, 1982;Bachovchin et al, 1983) and circulating (Koenigsdorff and Kienzle, 1991;Werther et al, 1994) inherent mobility of fluidized particles received further confirmation in subsequent studies (Flamant et al, 1988;Glicksman et al, 1988;Chirone et al, 2013;Pardo et al, 2014;Schwaiger et al, 2014;Salatino et al, 2016;Tregambi et al, 2016;Milanese et al, 2017a;Tregambi et al, 2018a;Briongos et al, 2018;Miller et al, 2018;Bellan et al, 2019a;Tregambi et al, 2019a;Almendros-Ibáñez et al, 2019;Zhang and Wang, 2019;Sulzgruber et al, 2020a;Díaz-Heras et al, 2020b;Sulzgruber et al, 2020b;Park et al, 2020;Wünsch et al, 2020). Moreover, FBs, if properly designed and operated, may provide an appropriate environment for solar-driven heterogeneous chemical processes.…”

Section: Fluidized Bed Solar Receivers and Reactors: Basic Design And Operational Features Particle Receivers And Fluidized Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent developments at Niigata University include the development of a beam-down sun-simulator with lighting provided by three 7 kW e Xe-lights and a novel design of the windowed 5 kW th internally circulating FB reactor. Test programs were specifically aimed at characterizing the variation in temperature and its distribution within the bed, rates of gasification for coal coke, conversion of C and chemical storage efficiencies (Bellan et al, 2017, Bellan et al, 2018aBellan et al, 2018b;Bellan et al, 2018c;Bellan et al, 2019a;Bellan et al, 2019b;Gokon et al, 2019). The important role of the volume fraction of coal-coke in the FB of quartz sand was highlighted.…”

Section: Solar-driven Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

et al. 2021

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Thermal and thermochemical processes can be efficiently developed and carried out in fluidized beds, due to the unique properties of fluidized suspensions of solid particles and to the inherent flexibility of fluidized bed design and operation. Coupling fluidization with concentrated solar power is a stimulating cross-disciplinary field of investigation, with the related issues and opportunities to explore. In this review article the current and perspective applications of fluidized beds to collection, storage and exploitation of solar radiation are surveyed. Novel and “creative” designs of fluidized bed solar receivers/reactors are reported and critically discussed. The vast field of applications of solar-driven fluidized bed processes, from energy conversion with thermal energy storage, to solids looping for thermochemical energy storage, production of fuels, chemicals and materials, is explored with an eye at past and current developments and an outlook of future perspectives.

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Section: Fluidized Bed Solar Receivers and Reactors: Basic Design And Operational Features Particle Receivers And Fluidized Bedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Solar-driven Gasificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

et al. 2021

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“…A way to partially overcome these issues is to refer to the concentrated solar power (CSP) technology. − It relies on the concentration of solar energy by the use of optical sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats); hence, reflecting and concentrating sunlight to a receiver plant. Here, solar thermal energy is collected by a thermal energy carrier (a fluid or a solid) that is used for the conversion of energy into, e.g., electricity.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Salt Hydrates for Thermochemical Storage of Solar Energy: Modeling the Case Study of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Dehydration/Rehydration under Suspension Reactor Conditions

Garofalo

Vitiello

Montagnaro

et al. 2021

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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A way to overcome issues related to the exploitation of solar energy is to refer to concentrated solar power technology coupled with systems for thermochemical energy storage (TCES) as a means to store solar energy for theoretically unlimited periods and distances at ambient temperature and with a high energy storage density. As potential candidate materials for TCES, salt hydrates are of particular interest. In this work, we focus our attention on the behavior of the coupled calcium oxalate monohydrate/anhydrous (COM/COA), a case study deserving investigation in the literature. To put the basis for large-scale application, a suspension stirred reactor has been conceptualized here with the idea of performing the process in a suspension medium. This work illustrates and discusses a modeling activity where heat balances for COM dehydration (heat charging stage)/COA rehydration (heat discharging stage), transport phenomena, and kinetics for COM dehydration are scrutinized with the corresponding evaluation of the characteristic time scales. The following aspects were critically analyzed: profiles for mass flow rates of service oil vs time for heating and reaction phases during dehydration, effects of water/COA and COA/oil feed ratios on the final temperature reached during COA rehydration, time–temperature, and time–water mole profiles inside a spherical COM particle upon dehydration, along with the results for stored/released energy (upon charging/discharging stages), characteristic times for heat transfer, mass transfer, water vapor bubble rising, and kinetics referred to the dehydration stage. Finally, the likeliness of controlling mechanisms as a function of particle and water vapor bubble size during COM dehydration has been discussed with the aid of a synoptical graph.

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“…As shown in Figure 3, the solar calciner (reactor) is located on top of the receiver tower and gets irradiated by the concentrated solar beam produced by the solar field. Fluidised bed reactor is considered for all solar systems with raw materials fluidised by an air flow (Bellan et al 2019).…”

Section: Solar Calcinermentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the environmental sustainability of an emerging energy technology: Solar thermal calcination for cement production

Tomatis

Jeswani

Stamford

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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Cement production is a highly energy-intensive process, contributing 7% to global CO 2 emissions. Over 80% of the energy used in cement production is consumed by the calcination process. This paper considers a novel solar thermal technology for calcination, to investigate if it could help mitigate the climate change and other environmental impacts from cement production on a life cycle basis. The following three solar options are compared to conventional fossil-fuel calcination via life cycle assessment: a full solar system, which provides all the required thermal energy, and two hybrid systems, where the solar system provides 14% and 33% of the thermal energy, respectively. The results show that all three solar options have lower impacts than conventional calcination in 14 out of 17 categories. The full solar system is the best alternative, with major reductions in climate change (48%), fossil depletion (75%), photochemical ozone formation (92%) and terrestrial ecotoxicity (79%). Based on insolation levels in different parts of the world, the solar systems could be applied to 26% of current global cement production. This would reduce the climate change impact by 15-40%, as well as most other impacts by 14-87%, depending on the fuel mix. However, a limiting factor might be two times greater land occupation than by the conventional process. Furthermore, the solar system has higher human toxicity-cancer (102%) and metals and minerals depletion (6%) due to the construction of solar facilities. Coupling conventional calcination with carbon capture and storage (CCS) is more efficient in reducing the climate change impact (63%) than the solar system (48%) relative to conventional calcination without CCS. However, adding CCS to the solar calciner would still be a better option, decreasing the impact by 81% relative to conventional calcination without CCS. These findings will be of interest to the solar and cement industries as well as other industrial sectors using hightemperature processes.

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Heat transfer and particulate flow analysis of a 30 kW directly irradiated solar fluidized bed reactor for thermochemical cycling

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

Salt Hydrates for Thermochemical Storage of Solar Energy: Modeling the Case Study of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Dehydration/Rehydration under Suspension Reactor Conditions

Assessing the environmental sustainability of an emerging energy technology: Solar thermal calcination for cement production

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Heat transfer and particulate flow analysis of a 30 kW directly irradiated solar fluidized bed reactor for thermochemical cycling

Cited by 28 publications

References 45 publications

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

Fluidized Beds for Concentrated Solar Thermal Technologies—A Review

Salt Hydrates for Thermochemical Storage of Solar Energy: Modeling the Case Study of Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Dehydration/Rehydration under Suspension Reactor Conditions

Assessing the environmental sustainability of an emerging energy technology: Solar thermal calcination for cement production

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Heat transfer and particulate flow analysis of a 30 kW directly irradiated solar fluidized bed reactor for thermochemical cycling