“…However, the reliable prediction of the heat transfer behavior in a certain fluidized system requires knowledge of many interacting factors such as the size of fluidization vessel, the design of the fluid distributor and vessel internals, and the operating temperature and pressure [20]. Heat transfer between a bed and immersed surfaces in BFBC is influenced by many factors, such as superficial fluidizing velocity [21][22][23][24][25], particle size and its packed density [23,26], thermo-physical properties of particle and gas [17,26], the shape, size and placement of the immersed surfaces [20,22,27,28], size of FBC [29], and the type of the gas distributor. Table 1 shows literature data from previous studies related to heat transfer between a bed and immersed surfaces in bubbling fluidized bed.…”