Heating rate effect on fractional yield and composition of oil retorted from El-lajjun oil shale

Influence of pyrolysis condition and transition metal salt on the product yield and characterization via Huadian oil shale pyrolysis

“…Wang et al [24] suggested the pyrolysis of oil shale tended to produce more aromatic molecules in the oil at low pyrolysis temperature. With the temperature increased, the occur of several reactions might urge to the formation of hydrocarbons in the obtained oil, involving the cleavage of lateral alkyl chains of aromatics and asphaltenes, the hyrogenolysis of hetero-carbon bonds of the polar compounds [25,26]. Moreover, the risen of retorting temperature also caused the significant increase of the ratio of alkanes.…”

The structure and reactivity of a low-sulfur lacustrine oil shale (Colorado U.S.A.) compared with those of a high-sulfur marine oil shale (Julia Creek, Queensland, Australia)

“…Most of the work has concentrated on obtaining liquid and gaseous fuels by retorting (e.g. [1,[3][4][5][6]), and this is the only technology currently in commercial use [7]. However, this leaves much of the organic matter in the residue, and interest has been expressed in more complete utilization of the organic matter by other methods, e.g.…”

The mathematical description of process of heat exchange particles of oil shale and ash the coolant in the semi-coking conditions in a rotating drum reactor installation with solid heat carrier

“…Известно, прогрев твердых частиц определяется одновременным действием двух процессов: теплопередача от теплоносителя к поверхности и распространение ее вглубь частиц и зависит от размера, формы частиц, пористости, физических свойств теплоносителя и скорости движения газовой среды [7].…”