Heavy metal free thermal stabilizing-flame retarding modifier for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)

Abstract

Our research aimed to find a new material that can be an efficient heavy metal free flame retardant for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) comparable to the conventional flame retardants. One of these extraordinary materials is Oxydtron using as an admixture for concrete. Oxydtron showed unexpected efficiency as a flame retardant agent and an excellent heat stabilizer as well. Limiting oxygen index (LOI), static heat stability, Congo-red, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were carried out. The thermal tests proved that Oxydtron is suitable to improve plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) performance at high temperatures applications in terms of flame retarding and thermal stability. Therefore, the positive result obtained by the addition of Oxydtron is reducing of plasticized poly (vinyl chloride) flammability by 25.23%, and increasing its thermal stability as well.

A novel evaluation method for dehydrochlorination of plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride) containing heavy metal‐free thermal stabilizing synergistic agent

“…Oxydtron is a nanocement admixture applied to concrete to enhance workability and durability properties such as heat resistance, acid/alkali resistance, water leakage resistance, and freezing resistance. The composition of Oxydtron includes many compounds in the form of oxides and carbides such as Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , Fe 2 O 3 , CaCO 3 , etc., with copolymers such as styrene‐butadiene; Vinyl acetate 11,16 . I could not find anyone who used this nanocement as a polymer additive, especially to improve flame retardancy and thermal stability.…”

“…When PVC reaches this stage of releasing HCl, it begins to degrade, which is dangerous not only because it has started to lose its properties, but because degradation products “chlorine compounds” are toxic, which is a danger to human health and leads to environmental pollution. However, the PVC fires are not so huge to consider as an environmental disaster, but it is a danger that cannot be overlooked 10,11 . Researchers and industrialists attach the issue of degradation in general and thermal degradation, particularly to PVC, due to its significant effects on human safety and the surrounding environment.…”

Dehydrochlorination study of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) contianing modified titanium dioxide, cerium stearate, organotin and β-diketone complex after long-term storage

“…Such as nano-titanium dioxide is an efficient, environmentally protective, nontoxic photodegradation catalyst that can block hydrogen chloride formation and can also react with hydrogen chloride. Other examples include improvement of the photodegradation performance of titanium dioxide by VC [14], ultrafiltration membranes made from Chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride) EPVC/TiO 2 nanocomposite [15], the effect of UV light on the mechanical properties of PVC/TiO 2 nanocomposites [16], co-doping of nano-graphite and TiO 2 to enhance the photodegradation of PVC films [17], the effect of titanium dioxide particles on the mechanical properties of QUV accelerated aging PVC composites [18], application of polymer-supported titanium dioxide photo-catalyst in environmental remediation [19], the influence of TiO 2 on the thermal behavior of PVC composites [20], elimination of degradability of plasticized polyvinyl chloride by an oxygen control tube [21], dehydrochlorination of PVC materials at high temperature [22], flame retardant modification of plasticized PVC without heavy metal stabilizer [23], degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride containing Ca and Sn at low temperature [24], effects of titanium dioxide on chemical and molecular changes of QUV accelerated aging PVC wall panels [25]. When using nano titanium dioxide, folic acid can improve its poor compatibility with PVC [26].…”

A new generation of cable grade poly(vinyl chloride) containing heavy metal free modifier

“…It is well recognized that heavy metals are found in many additives used to improve the poly(vinyl chloride) performance, such as stabilizers and flame retardants. Despite their environmental and health threats, they are now widely used [1][2][3][4][5]. The accumulation of these heavy metals from stabilizers and flame retardants in soil, water (whether in rivers, lakes, groundwater), or even in the air leads to environmental pollution, leading to flame retardant transfer to organisms in that polluted environment, including humans.…”

“…Therefore, there must be a precise harmony between environmentally friendly flame retardants and preserving the materials' properties. This matter requires more time and research for a complete shift from traditional flame retardants to those environmentally friendly [1,[18][19][20][21]. Certain recent flame retardants are now available to comply with the successful flammability tests regulations.…”